{ "schema_version": "1.0", "site": "HIMOROGI (神籬)", "site_url": "https://himorogi.ai", "canonical_url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history", "canonical_url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history", "generated_at": "2026-09-07T07:34:20.944Z", "content_updated_at": "2026-09-04", "locales": [ "ja", "en" ], "target_anchor_count": 200, "coverage": { "published_event_count": 200, "claim_count": 204, "source_count": 24, "era_count": 18, "ancient_deep_dive_count": 4, "ancient_track_event_count": 52, "badge_counts": { "science": 24, "hypothesis": 1, "legend": 1, "historical": 178 } }, "editorial_model": { "event_ids_are_stable": true, "trust_badges_apply_to": "claims", "source_images_republished": false, "chronology_note": "Negative start_year values are astronomical-style sortable BCE values; display labels remain the authoritative reader-facing chronology." }, "eras": [ { "id": "paleolithic", "label_ja": "旧石器", "label_en": "Paleolithic", "span_ja": "約3万7千〜1万6千年前", "span_en": "c. 37,000–16,000 years ago", "start_year": -35000, "end_year": -14000, "description_ja": "列島への人類到来、海上移動、石器技術。", "description_en": "Human arrival, sea crossings, and lithic technologies across the archipelago.", "event_count": 4 }, { "id": "jomon", "label_ja": "縄文", "label_en": "Jōmon", "span_ja": "約1万6千〜3千年前", "span_en": "c. 16,000–3,000 years ago", "start_year": -14000, "end_year": -900, "description_ja": "土器、定住的な採集社会、広域交換と祭祀の変化。", "description_en": "Pottery, increasingly settled lifeways, exchange networks, and changing ritual worlds.", "event_count": 10 }, { "id": "yayoi", "label_ja": "弥生", "label_en": "Yayoi", "span_ja": "紀元前10世紀頃〜3世紀中頃", "span_en": "c. 10th century BCE–mid-3rd century CE", "start_year": -900, "end_year": 250, "description_ja": "水田稲作、金属器、階層化と倭の外交。地域差を消さずに。", "description_en": "Wet-rice farming, metalworking, social stratification, and Wa diplomacy, without erasing regional variation.", "event_count": 10 }, { "id": "kofun", "label_ja": "古墳", "label_en": "Kofun", "span_ja": "3世紀中頃〜6世紀後半", "span_en": "mid-3rd–late 6th century", "start_year": 250, "end_year": 590, "description_ja": "前方後円墳、ヤマト王権、渡来系技術と列島社会の再編。", "description_en": "Keyhole tombs, the Yamato polity, migrant technologies, and a reshaped archipelago.", "event_count": 10 }, { "id": "asuka", "label_ja": "飛鳥", "label_en": "Asuka", "span_ja": "592〜710", "span_en": "592–710", "start_year": 592, "end_year": 710, "description_ja": "仏教受容、対外関係、律令国家形成の試行錯誤。", "description_en": "The adoption of Buddhism, diplomacy, and experiments in building a ritsuryō (code-based) state.", "event_count": 10 }, { "id": "nara", "label_ja": "奈良", "label_en": "Nara", "span_ja": "710〜794", "span_en": "710–794", "start_year": 710, "end_year": 794, "description_ja": "平城京、律令、正史編纂、国家仏教と土地制度。", "description_en": "Heijō-kyō, law codes, official chronicles, state Buddhism, and landholding.", "event_count": 8 }, { "id": "heian", "label_ja": "平安", "label_en": "Heian", "span_ja": "794〜1185", "span_en": "794–1185", "start_year": 794, "end_year": 1185, "description_ja": "王朝政治と文化、地方武士団の成長、院政から内乱へ。", "description_en": "Court rule and culture, the rise of provincial warriors, cloistered rule, and civil war.", "event_count": 14 }, { "id": "kamakura", "label_ja": "鎌倉", "label_en": "Kamakura", "span_ja": "1185〜1333", "span_en": "1185–1333", "start_year": 1185, "end_year": 1333, "description_ja": "公武二元政治、御家人社会、宗教運動とモンゴル襲来。", "description_en": "Dual court-warrior authority, vassal society, new religious movements, and the Mongol invasions.", "event_count": 13 }, { "id": "muromachi", "label_ja": "南北朝・室町", "label_en": "Nanbokuchō–Muromachi", "span_ja": "1333〜1568", "span_en": "1333–1568", "start_year": 1333, "end_year": 1568, "description_ja": "足利政権、東アジア交易、自治する村と都市、戦国化。", "description_en": "Ashikaga rule, East Asian trade, self-governing villages and cities, and the slide into civil war.", "event_count": 13 }, { "id": "azuchi-momoyama", "label_ja": "戦国・安土桃山", "label_en": "Sengoku–Azuchi-Momoyama", "span_ja": "1568〜1600", "span_en": "1568–1600", "start_year": 1568, "end_year": 1600, "description_ja": "統一戦争、城郭と市場、キリスト教、朝鮮侵略。", "description_en": "Wars of unification, castles and markets, Christianity, and the invasions of Korea.", "event_count": 13 }, { "id": "edo", "label_ja": "江戸", "label_en": "Edo", "span_ja": "1603〜1853", "span_en": "1603–1853", "start_year": 1603, "end_year": 1853, "description_ja": "幕藩制、四つの対外窓口、都市・流通・学問と災害の歴史。", "description_en": "The shogunate-domain order, four diplomatic gateways, cities, trade and distribution, learning, and disaster.", "event_count": 23 }, { "id": "bakumatsu", "label_ja": "幕末・維新", "label_en": "Bakumatsu–Restoration", "span_ja": "1853〜1868", "span_en": "1853–1868", "start_year": 1853, "end_year": 1868, "description_ja": "開港、条約、内戦と新政府成立までの複数の政治構想。", "description_en": "Opening ports, treaty politics, civil war, and competing visions of a new government.", "event_count": 10 }, { "id": "meiji", "label_ja": "明治", "label_en": "Meiji", "span_ja": "1868〜1912", "span_en": "1868–1912", "start_year": 1868, "end_year": 1912, "description_ja": "国民国家・産業化・帝国形成と、その過程で生じた包摂と排除。", "description_en": "Nation-state building, industrialization, empire, and the inclusion and exclusion these processes produced.", "event_count": 17 }, { "id": "taisho", "label_ja": "大正", "label_en": "Taishō", "span_ja": "1912〜1926", "span_en": "1912–1926", "start_year": 1912, "end_year": 1926, "description_ja": "大衆政治、社会運動、帝国の統治と都市災害。", "description_en": "Mass politics, social movements, imperial rule, and urban catastrophe.", "event_count": 10 }, { "id": "showa-prewar", "label_ja": "昭和・戦前戦中", "label_en": "Shōwa, war years", "span_ja": "1926〜1945", "span_en": "1926–1945", "start_year": 1926, "end_year": 1945, "description_ja": "恐慌、軍部台頭、植民地支配、総力戦と敗戦。被害と加害の双方から。", "description_en": "The Depression, militarization, colonial rule, total war, defeat, and both victimhood and responsibility.", "event_count": 15 }, { "id": "showa-postwar", "label_ja": "昭和・戦後", "label_en": "Shōwa, postwar", "span_ja": "1945〜1989", "span_en": "1945–1989", "start_year": 1945, "end_year": 1989, "description_ja": "占領改革、主権回復、高度成長、社会運動と沖縄返還。", "description_en": "Occupation reforms, restored sovereignty, high growth, social movements, and Okinawa’s reversion.", "event_count": 14 }, { "id": "heisei", "label_ja": "平成", "label_en": "Heisei", "span_ja": "1989〜2019", "span_en": "1989–2019", "start_year": 1989, "end_year": 2019, "description_ja": "バブル崩壊、政治再編、大災害と人口・社会構造の変化。", "description_en": "The post-bubble economy, political realignment, major disasters, and demographic change.", "event_count": 4 }, { "id": "reiwa", "label_ja": "令和", "label_en": "Reiwa", "span_ja": "2019〜現在", "span_en": "2019–present", "start_year": 2019, "end_year": null, "description_ja": "制度の継承とパンデミックを含む同時代史。評価が定まらない点は、定まらないものとして書く。", "description_en": "Contemporary history, including institutional succession and the pandemic, with provisional judgments marked as such.", "event_count": 2 } ], "events": [ { "id": "jp-0001", "era_id": "paleolithic", "chronology": { "start_year": -35000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "約3万7千年前", "label_en": "c. 37,000 years ago" }, "title_ja": "現生人類の日本列島到来", "title_en": "Modern humans reach the Japanese archipelago", "theme_ids": [ "society", "environment", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0001-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "後期旧石器時代の遺跡群は、最終氷期の寒冷な列島各地で現生人類が移動性の高い狩猟採集生活を営んだことを示す。", "text_en": "Late Paleolithic sites show modern humans living mobile hunter-gatherer lives across the cold archipelago during the last glacial period.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "intro", "genome" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0001", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0001" }, { "id": "jp-0002", "era_id": "paleolithic", "chronology": { "start_year": -33000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "約3万5千年前", "label_en": "c. 35,000 years ago" }, "title_ja": "海を越える黒曜石の移動", "title_en": "Obsidian moves across open water", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "chubu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0002-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "神津島産黒曜石の利用は、旧石器時代の人びとが海峡を越えて資源を運び、技術と情報を共有した可能性を示す。", "text_en": "The use of Kōzushima obsidian indicates that Paleolithic communities crossed sea channels to transport resources and share knowledge.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0002", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0002" }, { "id": "jp-0003", "era_id": "paleolithic", "chronology": { "start_year": -30000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "約3万2千〜2万7千年前", "label_en": "c. 32,000–27,000 years ago" }, "title_ja": "落とし穴猟と計画的な資源利用", "title_en": "Pitfall lines and planned resource use spread", "theme_ids": [ "society", "environment", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "chubu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0003-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "列状に配置された落とし穴や石器製作跡は、地形と動物の動きを読んで計画的に行動する集団の姿を示す。", "text_en": "Rows of hunting pits and lithic workshops show groups reading terrain and animal movement, and hunting to a plan.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0003", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0003" }, { "id": "jp-0004", "era_id": "paleolithic", "chronology": { "start_year": -14000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "約1万6千年前", "label_en": "c. 16,000 years ago" }, "title_ja": "土器の出現と縄文への移行", "title_en": "Pottery appears as lifeways shift toward Jōmon", "theme_ids": [ "society", "culture", "environment", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0004-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "最終氷期末の環境変化のなかで土器が現れ、煮炊きと食資源利用の幅が広がった。時代境界は一夜の断絶ではなく地域ごとの移行である。", "text_en": "Pottery appeared amid late-glacial environmental change, widening cooking and food-processing options. The period boundary marks regional transitions, not an overnight break.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0005" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0004", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0004" }, { "id": "jp-0005", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -14000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前1万4千年頃", "label_en": "c. 14,000 BCE" }, "title_ja": "縄文草創期の土器文化", "title_en": "Incipient Jōmon pottery traditions take hold", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "society", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0005-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "大平山元I遺跡などの初期土器は、列島で非常に早い段階から容器利用が始まったことを示す。年代値には測定幅がある。", "text_en": "Early ceramics from sites such as Ōdai Yamamoto I show very early container use in the archipelago, though radiocarbon estimates retain measurement ranges.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jomon-sites", "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0004" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "genome" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0005", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0005" }, { "id": "jp-0006", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -7000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前7千年頃", "label_en": "c. 7000 BCE" }, "title_ja": "漆工技術の発達", "title_en": "Lacquer technology develops", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "science", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "hokkaido", "tohoku" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0006-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "縄文早期以降の漆製品は、樹液の採取、精製、塗布を組み合わせた高度な材料知識を示す。", "text_en": "Lacquer objects from the Initial and Early Jōmon onward reveal sophisticated knowledge of harvesting, refining, and applying tree sap.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jomon-sites", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0006", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0006" }, { "id": "jp-0007", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -6000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前6千年頃", "label_en": "c. 6000 BCE" }, "title_ja": "定住性の高い集落の展開", "title_en": "More settled communities spread", "theme_ids": [ "society", "environment", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0007-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "竪穴建物、貯蔵穴、墓域を備えた集落が各地に展開した。ただし移動と定住の組み合わせは環境と季節で異なる。", "text_en": "Communities with pit houses, storage pits, and burial zones spread, while the balance of mobility and residence still varied by ecology and season.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "jomon-sites" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0007", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0007" }, { "id": "jp-0008", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -3900, "end_year": -2200, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "紀元前3900〜2200年頃", "label_en": "c. 3900–2200 BCE" }, "title_ja": "三内丸山の大規模集落", "title_en": "A large settlement grows at Sannai-Maruyama", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "belief", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0008-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "多数の建物や墓、盛土と貯蔵施設に遠隔地産のヒスイ・黒曜石が加わり、長期的な集住と広域交流を具体的に示す。", "text_en": "Numerous buildings, burials, middens, storage facilities, and jade and obsidian from distant sources demonstrate long-term aggregation and far-reaching exchange.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "sannai-maruyama", "jomon-sites" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0008", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0008" }, { "id": "jp-0009", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -3500, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前3500年頃", "label_en": "c. 3500 BCE" }, "title_ja": "ヒスイ・黒曜石・アスファルトの広域交換", "title_en": "Jade, obsidian, and bitumen travel long distances", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "society", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0009-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "産地分析により、重量物や希少素材が数百キロ規模で移動したことが分かる。列島社会は孤立した小集団の集合ではなかった。", "text_en": "Provenance studies show bulky and rare materials moving hundreds of kilometers. Archipelago communities were not isolated local units.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0009", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0009" }, { "id": "jp-0010", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -3000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前3千年頃", "label_en": "c. 3000 BCE" }, "title_ja": "土偶と祭祀表現の多様化", "title_en": "Dogu and ritual expression diversify", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "culture", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0010-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "土偶や石棒、意図的に壊された遺物は祭祀行為を示すが、具体的な神名や意味を直接復元することはできない。", "text_en": "Dogu figurines, stone rods, and deliberately broken objects indicate ritual practices, but they do not permit direct reconstruction of specific deities or meanings.", "qualifier_ja": "用途の解釈には複数説があり、神社祭祀へ直結させない。", "qualifier_en": "Interpretations remain plural and should not be projected directly onto later shrine ritual.", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "jomon-sites" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "shrines", "legends" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0010", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0010" }, { "id": "jp-0011", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -2000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前2千年頃", "label_en": "c. 2000 BCE" }, "title_ja": "環状列石がつくる共同の場", "title_en": "Stone circles create communal places", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "society", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku", "hokkaido" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0011-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "大湯環状列石などは、墓域や祭祀、集団の共同作業が重なる場として理解される。天文観測専用施設とする断定は避ける。", "text_en": "Sites such as the Ōyu stone circles are understood as overlapping places of burial, ritual, and communal labor. A single astronomical function is not asserted here.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jomon-sites", "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "cosmos", "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0011", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0011" }, { "id": "jp-0012", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -1600, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前1600年頃", "label_en": "c. 1600 BCE" }, "title_ja": "後期縄文への人口・集落再編", "title_en": "Population and settlement reorganize in later Jōmon", "theme_ids": [ "society", "environment", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0012-c1", "badge": "hypothesis", "text_ja": "中期末以降、東日本の大集落は縮小・分散する傾向を示す。気候だけでは説明がつかず、資源利用と社会関係の変化も併せて考える。", "text_en": "After the Middle Jōmon, many large eastern settlements contracted or dispersed. Climate alone cannot explain changes that also involved resources and social relations.", "qualifier_ja": "地域差が大きく、単一原因モデルは確立していない。", "qualifier_en": "Regional variation is substantial, and no single-cause model is established.", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "jomon-sites" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0012", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0012" }, { "id": "jp-0013", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -1100, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前1100年頃", "label_en": "c. 1100 BCE" }, "title_ja": "亀ヶ岡文化と精緻な工芸", "title_en": "Kamegaoka craft reaches its finest form", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "belief", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku", "hokkaido" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0013-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "晩期東北の精緻な土器・遮光器土偶は、高度な製作技術と広い交流圏を示し、縄文終末を単純な衰退とは捉えにくくする。", "text_en": "Elaborate Final Jōmon pottery and goggle-eyed dogu in Tōhoku reveal skilled production and wide exchange, complicating simple narratives of decline.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "jomon-sites" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0013", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0013" }, { "id": "jp-0014", "era_id": "jomon", "chronology": { "start_year": -900, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前10〜9世紀頃", "label_en": "c. 10th–9th century BCE" }, "title_ja": "縄文から弥生への移行の始まり", "title_en": "The Jōmon–Yayoi transition begins", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0014-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "北部九州で水田稲作を伴う新しい生活体系が現れる一方、列島各地では縄文的な生活が長く続いた。移行年代は地域別に扱う。", "text_en": "A new lifeway centered on wet-rice farming emerged in northern Kyushu while Jōmon lifeways persisted elsewhere. Transition dates must be given region by region.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "yoshinogari" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0016" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0014", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0014" }, { "id": "jp-0016", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": -900, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前10〜9世紀頃", "label_en": "c. 10th–9th century BCE" }, "title_ja": "北部九州で始まる水田稲作", "title_en": "Wet-rice farming begins in northern Kyushu", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "society", "environment", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0016-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "灌漑水田、農具、炭化米の組み合わせは、朝鮮半島との交流を通じた稲作体系の導入を示す。開始年代は、炭素年代研究によって遡った。", "text_en": "Irrigated fields, tools, and charred rice indicate the adoption of farming systems through interaction with the Korean Peninsula, while radiocarbon studies have pushed the start date earlier.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "yoshinogari" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0014" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "genome", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0016", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0016" }, { "id": "jp-0015", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": -660, "end_year": null, "precision": "traditional", "label_ja": "伝統的紀年：紀元前660年", "label_en": "Traditional date: 660 BCE" }, "title_ja": "神武天皇即位という建国伝承", "title_en": "The Nihon Shoki transmits the foundation tradition of Emperor Jinmu", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "culture", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "kyushu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0015-c1", "badge": "legend", "text_ja": "『日本書紀』の紀年から、神武天皇の橿原即位は紀元前660年と伝統的に換算される。これは8世紀に編纂された建国伝承の時間である。", "text_en": "The Nihon Shoki chronology traditionally converts Jinmu’s accession at Kashihara to 660 BCE. This is the time of a foundation tradition compiled in the eighth century.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "ndl-era-history" ] }, { "id": "jp-0015-c2", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "紀元前660年の即位を同時代史料や考古資料で確認することはできず、弥生社会の実年代と伝承を同一視しない。", "text_en": "No contemporary text or archaeological evidence confirms an accession in 660 BCE, so the tradition is not treated as the literal chronology of Yayoi society.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "ndl-era-history" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "legends", "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0015", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0015" }, { "id": "jp-0017", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": -500, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前5世紀頃", "label_en": "c. 5th century BCE" }, "title_ja": "青銅器・鉄器技術の広がり", "title_en": "Bronze and iron technologies spread", "theme_ids": [ "science", "economy", "culture", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "chugoku", "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0017-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "大陸系の金属器は農具・武器・祭器として受容され、地域ごとに異なる生産と儀礼の体系へ組み込まれた。", "text_en": "Continental metal objects were adopted as tools, weapons, and ritual instruments, then incorporated into distinct regional systems of production and ceremony.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0017", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0017" }, { "id": "jp-0018", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": -400, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "紀元前4世紀頃", "label_en": "c. 4th century BCE" }, "title_ja": "環壕集落と地域間緊張", "title_en": "Moated settlements and regional tension increase", "theme_ids": [ "society", "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0018-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "環壕・武器・人骨の外傷は紛争の存在を示す。ただし、すべての環壕を軍事要塞とみなすことはできない。", "text_en": "Moats, weapons, and skeletal trauma attest to conflict, although not every enclosure was simply a military fortress.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "yoshinogari" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0018", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0018" }, { "id": "jp-0019", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": -200, "end_year": 200, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "紀元前2世紀〜2世紀", "label_en": "2nd century BCE–2nd century CE" }, "title_ja": "ムラから地域中心へ成長した吉野ヶ里", "title_en": "Yoshinogari grows from village to regional center", "theme_ids": [ "society", "politics", "economy", "belief" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0019-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "外環壕・内郭・大型建物・墳丘墓の形成は、集落の拡大と権力・祭祀空間の分化を追跡できる希少な事例である。", "text_en": "Outer moats, inner precincts, large buildings, and elite burials provide an unusually clear record of settlement growth and of how political and ritual space became distinct.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "yoshinogari" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0019", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0019" }, { "id": "jp-0020", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": 57, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "57年", "label_en": "57 CE" }, "title_ja": "倭奴国王の後漢遣使", "title_en": "The king of Na in Wa sends an embassy to Later Han", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0020-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "『後漢書』は倭奴国王の朝貢と印綬授与を記し、福岡で出土した「漢委奴国王」金印がこの外交関係と結び付けられている。", "text_en": "The Hou Hanshu records tribute by the king of Na in Wa and the granting of a seal, and the gold seal found in Fukuoka is associated with that relationship.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0020", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0020" }, { "id": "jp-0021", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": 107, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "107年", "label_en": "107 CE" }, "title_ja": "倭国王帥升の遣使", "title_en": "Wa ruler Suishō sends an embassy", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0021-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "中国史書は倭国王帥升らの後漢への遣使を記すが、その勢力圏や所在地は特定できない。", "text_en": "Chinese histories record an embassy to Later Han by Wa ruler Suishō and others, but neither the polity’s location nor its reach is securely identified.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0021", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0021" }, { "id": "jp-0022", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": 180, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "2世紀後半頃", "label_en": "late 2nd century CE" }, "title_ja": "倭国乱と政治連合の再編", "title_en": "Civil conflict in Wa gives way to political realignment", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0022-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "中国史書は倭で長期の争乱があり、のちに卑弥呼を共立したと記す。争乱の範囲と考古学的対応は議論が続く。", "text_en": "Chinese histories describe prolonged conflict in Wa followed by the collective selection of Himiko. Its extent, and how it maps onto the archaeological evidence, remain debated.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0022", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0022" }, { "id": "jp-0023", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": 239, "end_year": 248, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "239〜248年頃", "label_en": "c. 239–248 CE" }, "title_ja": "卑弥呼と邪馬台国の外交", "title_en": "Himiko opens diplomacy between Yamatai and Wei", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "belief" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0023-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "『魏志倭人伝』は女王卑弥呼の遣使と「親魏倭王」の称号を記す。邪馬台国の所在地は畿内説・九州説などがあり確定していない。", "text_en": "The Wei account records Queen Himiko’s embassies and the title “Queen of Wa, Friendly to Wei.” Yamatai’s location remains disputed, notably between Kinai and Kyushu models.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "legends", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0023", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0023" }, { "id": "jp-0024", "era_id": "yayoi", "chronology": { "start_year": 250, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "3世紀中頃", "label_en": "mid-3rd century" }, "title_ja": "弥生墳丘墓から前方後円墳への転換", "title_en": "Yayoi elite burials give way to keyhole tombs", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "belief", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "chugoku", "kyushu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0024-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "各地の墳丘墓の伝統を受けて、定型化した前方後円墳が畿内を中心に現れ、広域な首長間秩序の形成を示す。", "text_en": "Standardized keyhole tombs, drawing on regional elite-burial traditions, appeared around Kinai and signaled a wider order among chiefly elites.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "mozu-furuichi-bunka" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0025" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0024", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0024" }, { "id": "jp-0025", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 250, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "3世紀中頃", "label_en": "mid-3rd century" }, "title_ja": "箸墓古墳と巨大前方後円墳の出現", "title_en": "Hashihaka marks the emergence of giant keyhole tombs", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "belief", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0025-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "奈良盆地の箸墓古墳は最初期の巨大前方後円墳とされる。被葬者を卑弥呼と断定することはできない。", "text_en": "Hashihaka in the Nara Basin is regarded as one of the earliest giant keyhole tombs, though identifying its occupant as Himiko is not established.", "qualifier_ja": "陵墓指定と考古学上の年代・被葬者推定は別の情報層である。", "qualifier_en": "Administrative mausoleum designation and archaeological dating or attribution are separate lines of evidence.", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "kunaicho-ryobo" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0023", "jp-0024" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0025", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0025" }, { "id": "jp-0026", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 300, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "4世紀", "label_en": "4th century" }, "title_ja": "ヤマト王権の広域連合の拡大", "title_en": "The Yamato polity’s broad alliance expands", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0026-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "共通する墳形と副葬品の分布は、畿内を核に地域首長を結ぶ政治ネットワークの拡大を示す。統一国家の完成を意味しない。", "text_en": "Shared tomb forms and grave goods point to an expanding political network linking regional leaders around a Kinai core, not a completed centralized state.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "mozu-furuichi-bunka" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0026", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0026" }, { "id": "jp-0027", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 369, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "4世紀後半（銘文紀年は諸説）", "label_en": "late 4th century (inscription date debated)" }, "title_ja": "七支刀に見える百済との関係", "title_en": "The Seven-Branched Sword reflects ties with Baekje", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "culture", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0027-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "石上神宮伝来の七支刀銘文は倭と百済の外交関係を示す重要史料だが、製作年と授受関係の読みには論争がある。", "text_en": "The inscription on the Seven-Branched Sword preserved at Isonokami is central evidence for Wa–Baekje relations, though its date and diplomatic wording are contested.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "shrines", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0027", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0027" }, { "id": "jp-0028", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 391, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "4世紀末〜5世紀初頭", "label_en": "late 4th–early 5th century" }, "title_ja": "広開土王碑と朝鮮半島をめぐる戦争", "title_en": "The Gwanggaeto Stele records warfare on the Korean Peninsula", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0028-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "高句麗の広開土王碑は倭を含む半島情勢を記すが、欠損・文脈・主体の解釈に注意が必要で、単純な領有史にはできない。", "text_en": "The Gwanggaeto Stele records peninsula conflicts involving Wa, but damage to the stone, its context, and the identity of its grammatical subjects call for caution. It is not a simple record of territorial possession.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0028", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0028" }, { "id": "jp-0029", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 400, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "5世紀頃", "label_en": "c. 5th century" }, "title_ja": "馬・甲冑・須恵器・鍛冶技術の展開", "title_en": "Horses, armor, Sue ware, and smithing spread", "theme_ids": [ "science", "economy", "conflict", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0029-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "朝鮮半島との人と技術の往来を背景に、馬具、鉄製武器、須恵器窯など新しい生産体系が列島で発達した。", "text_en": "Movement of people and knowledge to and from the Korean Peninsula supported new systems of horse gear, iron weaponry, and high-fired Sue ware production.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "genome", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0029", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0029" }, { "id": "jp-0030", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 400, "end_year": 500, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "4世紀後半〜5世紀後半", "label_en": "late 4th–late 5th century" }, "title_ja": "百舌鳥・古市の巨大古墳群", "title_en": "Giant tomb clusters rise at Mozu and Furuichi", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "belief", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0030-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "規模も形もさまざまな古墳群は、王権と地域首長の階層的秩序、巨大な土木動員、続く葬送儀礼を目に見える形にした。", "text_en": "Tombs of varied scale and form made visible hierarchical relations, massive labor mobilization, and sustained funerary practice.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "mozu-furuichi-bunka", "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0030", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0030" }, { "id": "jp-0031", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 413, "end_year": 478, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "413〜478年", "label_en": "413–478" }, "title_ja": "倭の五王の南朝遣使", "title_en": "The Five Kings of Wa send missions to the Southern Dynasties", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0031-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "中国正史は讃・珍・済・興・武の遣使と官爵要求を記し、倭王が半島外交と国内秩序の権威付けを図ったことを示す。", "text_en": "Chinese dynastic histories record missions by San, Chin, Sei, Kō, and Bu seeking titles, showing Wa rulers using continental diplomacy to bolster regional and domestic authority.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0031", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0031" }, { "id": "jp-0032", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 500, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "5〜6世紀", "label_en": "5th–6th centuries" }, "title_ja": "生産と文字行政を支えた渡来系集団", "title_en": "Migrant communities support production and written administration", "theme_ids": [ "society", "science", "economy", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0032-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "須恵器や織物、鍛冶と土木、漢字文書などの展開には、半島・大陸から移住した人びとと在来集団の協働が深く関わった。", "text_en": "Migrant and local communities worked together in the spread of Sue ware, weaving, smithing, engineering, and written administration.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "ancient-genomics-2021" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "genome", "connections", "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0032", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0032" }, { "id": "jp-0033", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 527, "end_year": 528, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "527〜528年", "label_en": "527–528" }, "title_ja": "磐井の乱と北部九州の自立性", "title_en": "The Iwai conflict reveals northern Kyushu’s autonomy", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0033-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "筑紫君磐井をめぐる戦いは、ヤマト王権の一方的支配では説明できない地方首長の力と朝鮮半島情勢の連動を示す。", "text_en": "The conflict around Tsukushi no Kimi Iwai reveals the strength of regional leadership and peninsular ties that a simple model of unilateral Yamato control cannot accommodate.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0033", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0033" }, { "id": "jp-0034", "era_id": "kofun", "chronology": { "start_year": 538, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "538年または552年（伝来紀年）", "label_en": "538 or 552 (traditional dates)" }, "title_ja": "仏教公伝と信仰体系の再編", "title_en": "Official transmission of Buddhism reshapes belief", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "diplomacy", "politics", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0034-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "百済からの仏像・経典の伝来には、二つの紀年が伝わる。仏教は在来祭祀を置き換えるのではなく、氏族政治と結び付きながら併存し、その配置を組み替えた。", "text_en": "Two traditional dates survive for the arrival of Buddhist images and texts from Baekje. Buddhism coexisted with and reshaped local rites through clan politics rather than simply replacing them.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0035" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "shrines", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0034", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0034" }, { "id": "jp-0035", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 587, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "587年", "label_en": "587" }, "title_ja": "蘇我氏による物部氏の打倒", "title_en": "The Soga defeat the Mononobe", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "belief" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0035-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "丁未の乱で物部守屋が敗れ、蘇我氏の政治的優位と寺院造営が進んだ。単純な仏教対神道の宗教戦争とは捉えない。", "text_en": "Mononobe no Moriya’s defeat strengthened Soga political power and advanced temple construction, but the conflict was not a simple Buddhism-versus-Shinto religious war.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0034" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0035", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0035" }, { "id": "jp-0036", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 592, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "592年", "label_en": "592" }, "title_ja": "推古天皇の即位", "title_en": "Empress Suiko accedes", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "belief" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0036-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "推古天皇の治世では厩戸王と蘇我馬子らが政務を担い、対隋外交と制度整備が進んだ。役割を一人の「摂政」に還元しない。", "text_en": "Under Suiko, Prince Umayado, Soga no Umako, and others advanced institutional reform and diplomacy with Sui. Governance should not be reduced to one “regent.”", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0036", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0036" }, { "id": "jp-0037", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 600, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "600年", "label_en": "600" }, "title_ja": "倭国から隋への最初の使節", "title_en": "Wa sends its first recorded mission to Sui", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0037-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "『隋書』は600年の遣使と、倭の政治・習俗に対する隋側の評価を記す。『日本書紀』にはこの派遣記事がない。", "text_en": "The Book of Sui records a mission in 600 and a Sui assessment of Wa’s institutions and customs, while the Nihon Shoki omits this mission.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0037", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0037" }, { "id": "jp-0038", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 603, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "603年", "label_en": "603" }, "title_ja": "冠位十二階の制定", "title_en": "The Twelve Cap Ranks are instituted", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0038-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "氏族の世襲序列に加えて、王権が官人に位を与える仕組みが導入され、対外儀礼と官僚制の形成を支えた。", "text_en": "A system in which the court assigned rank to officials supplemented hereditary clan order and supported diplomacy and emerging bureaucracy.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0038", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0038" }, { "id": "jp-0039", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 604, "end_year": null, "precision": "traditional", "label_ja": "604年（『日本書紀』の紀年）", "label_en": "604 (Nihon Shoki chronology)" }, "title_ja": "十七条憲法と官人倫理", "title_en": "The Seventeen-Article Constitution sets out official ethics", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "belief", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0039-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "十七条憲法は後世の成文憲法とは異なり、仏教・儒教的語彙で官人の協調と王権への奉仕を説く規範文書として伝わる。", "text_en": "Unlike a modern constitution, the Seventeen Articles survive as a normative text that, in Buddhist and Confucian language, urges officials toward concord and service to royal authority.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0039", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0039" }, { "id": "jp-0040", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 607, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "607年", "label_en": "607" }, "title_ja": "小野妹子ら遣隋使の派遣", "title_en": "Ono no Imoko and others travel to Sui", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0040-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "遣隋使は東アジア秩序のなかで倭王権の位置を交渉し、留学生・学問僧を通じて制度と知識を持ち帰った。", "text_en": "Missions to Sui negotiated Wa’s place in the East Asian order and returned with institutional and intellectual knowledge through students and monks.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0040", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0040" }, { "id": "jp-0041", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 645, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "645年", "label_en": "645" }, "title_ja": "乙巳の変と大化改新", "title_en": "The Isshi Incident is followed by the Taika Reforms", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0041-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "蘇我入鹿暗殺後、土地・人民支配や地方行政を王権へ集める改革が段階的に進んだ。「改新」は一度で完成した革命ではない。", "text_en": "After Soga no Iruka’s assassination, reforms gradually shifted land, people, and provincial administration toward the court. They were not one completed revolution in 645.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0041", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0041" }, { "id": "jp-0042", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 663, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "663年", "label_en": "663" }, "title_ja": "白村江の戦いと倭・百済軍の敗北", "title_en": "Wa–Baekje forces lose at Baekgang", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0042-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "唐・新羅連合軍への敗北後、倭は北部九州の防衛施設と対馬・壱岐の烽を整え、対外危機が国家形成を加速させた。", "text_en": "After defeat by Tang–Silla forces, Wa fortified northern Kyushu and built beacon systems on Tsushima and Iki, accelerating state formation under external pressure.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0042", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0042" }, { "id": "jp-0043", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 672, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "672年", "label_en": "672" }, "title_ja": "壬申の乱", "title_en": "The Jinshin War breaks out", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "chubu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0043-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "天智天皇没後の継承戦争で大海人皇子が勝利し、天武朝の中央集権化と歴史編纂、祭祀の立て直しへつながった。", "text_en": "Prince Ōama’s victory in the succession war after Tenji’s death led to the Tenmu court’s centralization, its compilation of history, and its reorganization of ritual.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "legends", "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0043", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0043" }, { "id": "jp-0044", "era_id": "asuka", "chronology": { "start_year": 694, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "694年", "label_en": "694" }, "title_ja": "藤原京遷都", "title_en": "The court moves to Fujiwara-kyō", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "culture", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0044-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "条坊制をもつ大規模な都城は、恒常的な宮都と官僚機構を都市の形に定着させ、律令国家の基盤となった。", "text_en": "A large gridded capital gave permanent spatial form to the court and its bureaucracy, becoming a foundation of the ritsuryō (code-based) state.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0044", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0044" }, { "id": "jp-0045", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 701, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "701年", "label_en": "701" }, "title_ja": "大宝律令の成立", "title_en": "The Taihō Code is promulgated", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "economy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0045-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "刑罰の律と行政の令を体系化し、官司や地方行政、戸籍・班田など国家統治の枠組みを整えた。運用は地域で不均一だった。", "text_en": "The code systematized penal and administrative law and set the framework for offices, provinces, household registers, and land allotment, though implementation was uneven.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0045", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0045" }, { "id": "jp-0046", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 710, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "710年", "label_en": "710" }, "title_ja": "平城京遷都", "title_en": "The capital moves to Heijō-kyō", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "culture", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0046-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "唐都を参照した計画都市に宮城・官衙・寺院・市場が配置され、全国から税と人が集まる政治経済中心となった。", "text_en": "A planned capital modeled partly on Tang cities concentrated the palace, offices, temples, and markets while drawing taxes and people from across the realm.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0046", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0046" }, { "id": "jp-0047", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 712, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "712年", "label_en": "712" }, "title_ja": "『古事記』の撰上", "title_en": "The Kojiki is presented to the court", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "belief", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0047-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "神話、系譜、歌謡、天皇物語を編んだ『古事記』は王権の記憶を形づくった。記述年代と語られる過去を区別して読む。", "text_en": "The Kojiki wove myth, genealogy, song, and royal narrative into a memory of rulership, though its compilation date must be distinguished from the past it narrates.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "legends", "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0047", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0047" }, { "id": "jp-0048", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 720, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "720年", "label_en": "720" }, "title_ja": "『日本書紀』の完成", "title_en": "The Nihon Shoki is completed", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "politics", "diplomacy", "belief" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0048-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "漢文の編年史として神代から持統朝までを叙述し、東アジアの正史形式で国家の過去を提示した。異伝を併記する箇所も多い。", "text_en": "Written as a chronological history in Literary Chinese, the Nihon Shoki framed the state’s past in an East Asian official-history form and often preserved variant accounts.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "legends", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0048", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0048" }, { "id": "jp-0049", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 743, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "743年", "label_en": "743" }, "title_ja": "大仏造立詔と墾田永年私財法", "title_en": "The Great Buddha edict and permanent private fields are decreed", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "politics", "economy", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0049-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "国家的な仏教事業と土地開発政策が同年に進み、疫病・飢饉のあとの統合と税の基盤づくりを図る一方、私有地拡大の契機にもなった。", "text_en": "State Buddhism and land-development policy advanced together after epidemic and famine, seeking integration and revenue while opening paths toward expanding private estates.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0049", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0049" }, { "id": "jp-0050", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 752, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "752年", "label_en": "752" }, "title_ja": "東大寺大仏の開眼供養", "title_en": "The Great Buddha of Tōdaiji is consecrated", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "culture", "diplomacy", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0050-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "開眼供養には南アジア出身の菩提僊那らも参加し、大仏造営は全国動員と海域交流の双方を映す国家事業となった。", "text_en": "The consecration included the South Asian monk Bodhisena, and the project reflected both nationwide mobilization and maritime connections.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0050", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0050" }, { "id": "jp-0051", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 759, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "8世紀後半頃", "label_en": "late 8th century" }, "title_ja": "『万葉集』の形成", "title_en": "The Man’yōshū takes shape", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0051-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "約4500首を収める歌集は宮廷歌人だけでなく防人や東国歌など多様な声を残す。成立は長期の編纂過程として捉える。", "text_en": "The roughly 4,500 poems of the Man’yōshū preserve court verse alongside frontier guards’ songs and eastern voices. The anthology formed through a long compilation process.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0051", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0051" }, { "id": "jp-0052", "era_id": "nara", "chronology": { "start_year": 784, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "784年", "label_en": "784" }, "title_ja": "長岡京遷都", "title_en": "The capital moves to Nagaoka-kyō", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "economy", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine", "ancient-deep-dive" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0052-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "桓武天皇は平城京を離れて長岡京の建設を進めたが、政争や洪水対策の問題を抱え、10年後にふたたび都を移す。", "text_en": "Emperor Kanmu left Heijō and built Nagaoka, but political conflict and flood-control problems preceded another move ten years later.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0053" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0052", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0052" }, { "id": "jp-0053", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 794, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "794年", "label_en": "794" }, "title_ja": "平安京遷都", "title_en": "The capital moves to Heian-kyō", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "culture", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0053-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "平安京は以後千年以上にわたり王権と宮廷文化の中心となる一方、都市周縁と地方社会との物資・人の往来に支えられた。", "text_en": "Heian-kyō remained the center of monarchy and court culture for over a millennium, sustained by flows of goods and people from its margins and provinces.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0053", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0053" }, { "id": "jp-0054", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 805, "end_year": 806, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "805〜806年", "label_en": "805–806" }, "title_ja": "最澄・空海による新しい仏教の展開", "title_en": "Saichō and Kūkai develop new Buddhist institutions", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "culture", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "shikoku", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0054-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "唐から帰国した最澄と空海は天台・真言の学問と修行を広め、山岳寺院と国家儀礼、地域信仰へ長期的影響を与えた。", "text_en": "Returning from Tang, Saichō and Kūkai developed Tendai and Shingon learning and practice, shaping mountain temples, state ritual, and local belief.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "shrines", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0054", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0054" }, { "id": "jp-0055", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 858, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "858年", "label_en": "858" }, "title_ja": "藤原良房の摂政就任", "title_en": "Fujiwara no Yoshifusa becomes regent", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0055-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "天皇の外戚となった藤原北家が摂政・関白を通じて政務を主導する仕組みが定着し、婚姻と官職が権力を結んだ。", "text_en": "The northern Fujiwara consolidated governance through regency and marital ties to emperors, binding kinship and office into political power.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0055", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0055" }, { "id": "jp-0056", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 894, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "894年", "label_en": "894" }, "title_ja": "遣唐使の停止", "title_en": "Official missions to Tang are suspended", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "culture", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0056-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "菅原道真の建議で遣唐使が停止された後も、僧侶・商人・文物の海域交流は続いた。「国風文化」は孤立の産物ではない。", "text_en": "Official missions ceased after Sugawara no Michizane’s proposal, but monks, merchants, and goods kept crossing the seas. Court culture did not emerge from isolation.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0056", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0056" }, { "id": "jp-0057", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 935, "end_year": 940, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "935〜940年", "label_en": "935–940" }, "title_ja": "平将門の乱", "title_en": "Taira no Masakado rebels against the court", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0057-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "関東の武士平将門が国府を襲い新皇を称したとされ、地方軍事力と朝廷支配の緊張を示した。", "text_en": "The warrior Taira no Masakado attacked provincial offices and reportedly proclaimed himself New Emperor, exposing tensions between provincial force and court rule.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0057", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0057" }, { "id": "jp-0058", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 939, "end_year": 941, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "939〜941年", "label_en": "939–941" }, "title_ja": "藤原純友の乱", "title_en": "Fujiwara no Sumitomo leads a maritime rebellion", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "economy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "shikoku", "chugoku", "kyushu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0058-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "瀬戸内海の海上勢力を率いた藤原純友の反乱は、海運・治安・地方官人をめぐる西国の緊張を表面化させた。", "text_en": "Fujiwara no Sumitomo’s maritime rebellion exposed tensions in the Inland Sea and the west over shipping, security, and provincial officials.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0058", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0058" }, { "id": "jp-0059", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1000, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "10世紀末〜11世紀初頭", "label_en": "late 10th–early 11th century" }, "title_ja": "王朝社会を記す仮名文学", "title_en": "Kana literature records court society", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0059-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "『枕草子』『源氏物語』など、宮廷に仕えた女性たちの仮名文学が感情、権力、日常を独自の文体で描いた。", "text_en": "Kana works by court women, including The Pillow Book and The Tale of Genji, rendered emotion, power, and everyday life in distinctive prose.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0059", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0059" }, { "id": "jp-0060", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1016, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1016年", "label_en": "1016" }, "title_ja": "頂点に達した藤原道長の権勢", "title_en": "Fujiwara no Michinaga reaches the height of power", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0060-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "道長は、娘たちの入内と外孫の即位を背景に摂政となった。摂関政治は、王権・貴族家・女房の関係全体のなかで見る。", "text_en": "Michinaga became regent through imperial grandchildren and daughters at court, but regency politics depended on wider relations among the monarch, the aristocratic houses, and court women.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0060", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0060" }, { "id": "jp-0061", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1051, "end_year": 1062, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1051〜1062年", "label_en": "1051–1062" }, "title_ja": "前九年合戦と東北の権力再編", "title_en": "The Former Nine Years’ War reshapes power in Tōhoku", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku", "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0061-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "安倍氏・源氏・清原氏をめぐる戦争は、陸奥の地域権力と朝廷・東国武士の関係を組み替え、武家の名声形成にもつながった。", "text_en": "War among the Abe, Minamoto, and Kiyohara reshaped relations among the powers of Tōhoku, the court, and eastern warriors while building warrior prestige.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0061", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0061" }, { "id": "jp-0062", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1086, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1086年", "label_en": "1086" }, "title_ja": "院政の開始", "title_en": "Cloistered government begins", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "belief" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0062-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "白河上皇は退位後も院庁を通じて政治を主導し、天皇・摂関家・寺社・武士の権力配置を組み替えた。", "text_en": "Retired Emperor Shirakawa governed through his own office, reconfiguring power among the emperor, the regent houses, temples, shrines, and warriors.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0062", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0062" }, { "id": "jp-0063", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1156, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1156年", "label_en": "1156" }, "title_ja": "保元の乱", "title_en": "The Hōgen Rebellion breaks out", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0063-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "皇位継承と摂関家内紛に武士が動員され、京都の政争を軍事力で決着させる局面が明確になった。", "text_en": "Warriors were drawn into disputes over succession and the regent house, and armed force became an increasingly open way of settling conflict at court.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0064" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0063", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0063" }, { "id": "jp-0064", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1159, "end_year": 1160, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1159〜1160年", "label_en": "1159–1160" }, "title_ja": "平治の乱と平氏政権への道", "title_en": "The Heiji Rebellion opens the way to Taira rule", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0064-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "平清盛側の勝利で源義朝が敗れ、平氏は朝廷官職と海上交易を基盤に中央政治で優位を築いた。", "text_en": "Taira no Kiyomori’s side defeated Minamoto no Yoshitomo, allowing the Taira to build central power through court office and maritime trade.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0063", "jp-0065" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0064", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0064" }, { "id": "jp-0065", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1180, "end_year": 1185, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1180〜1185年", "label_en": "1180–1185" }, "title_ja": "治承・寿永の内乱", "title_en": "The Jishō–Juei War reshapes rule across the archipelago", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0065-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "平氏と各地の源氏・在地武士が争い、飢饉も重なるなかで全国的な支配関係が組み替えられた。「源平合戦」より広い内乱として見る。", "text_en": "Taira and Minamoto lineages and local warriors fought amid famine, reorganizing authority across the archipelago. It was broader than a two-clan “Genpei War.”", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0065", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0065" }, { "id": "jp-0066", "era_id": "heian", "chronology": { "start_year": 1185, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1185年", "label_en": "1185" }, "title_ja": "壇ノ浦と守護・地頭の設置", "title_en": "The Taira fall at Dan-no-ura and Yoritomo gains the power to appoint shugo and jitō", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "chugoku", "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0066-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "壇ノ浦で平氏政権が滅び、源頼朝は守護・地頭を置く権限を獲得した。鎌倉政権の成立は1185・1192など複数の画期で捉えられる。", "text_en": "The Taira regime fell at Dan-no-ura and Yoritomo gained authority to appoint shugo (provincial military governors) and jitō. The founding of the Kamakura regime is dated to more than one turning point, 1185 and 1192 among them.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0065", "jp-0067" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0066", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0066" }, { "id": "jp-0067", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1192, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1192年", "label_en": "1192" }, "title_ja": "源頼朝の征夷大将軍就任", "title_en": "Minamoto no Yoritomo becomes shogun", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0067-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "源頼朝の征夷大将軍任命は鎌倉政権の重要な画期である。ただしその成立は、1185年の守護・地頭設置など複数の段階を経て進んだ。", "text_en": "Yoritomo’s appointment as shogun was an important milestone, but Kamakura government had emerged in several steps, including the 1185 appointment of shugo (provincial military governors) and jitō (estate stewards).", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0066" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0067", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0067" }, { "id": "jp-0068", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1200, "end_year": null, "precision": "approximate", "label_ja": "13世紀を中心に", "label_en": "principally the 13th century" }, "title_ja": "鎌倉仏教の諸運動の広がり", "title_en": "New Buddhist movements spread", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "society", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0068-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "法然・親鸞・栄西・道元・日蓮・一遍らの教えと教団は、旧仏教の革新も含む多様な宗教世界のなかで、武士や都市民、農漁村へ支持を広げた。", "text_en": "Movements associated with Hōnen, Shinran, Eisai, Dōgen, Nichiren, and Ippen gained followers among warriors, townspeople, and rural communities within a diverse field that also included reform inside older schools.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0068", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0068" }, { "id": "jp-0069", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1203, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1203年", "label_en": "1203" }, "title_ja": "北条氏の執権政治の始まり", "title_en": "Hōjō regency takes shape", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0069-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "源実朝の将軍就任と北条時政の執権就任を経て、将軍を補佐・統制する北条氏中心の政治が形づくられた。", "text_en": "Minamoto no Sanetomo became shogun and Hōjō Tokimasa regent, and a Hōjō-centered system for supporting and controlling the shogun took shape around them.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0069", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0069" }, { "id": "jp-0070", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1205, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1205年", "label_en": "1205" }, "title_ja": "『新古今和歌集』の奏覧", "title_en": "The Shin Kokinshū is presented to the court", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0070-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "後鳥羽院の命で編まれた勅撰集は、武家政権成立後も京都の宮廷文化が創造力と権威を保ったことを示す。", "text_en": "Commissioned by Retired Emperor Go-Toba, the imperial anthology shows the Kyoto court retaining cultural creativity and authority after warrior rule emerged.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0070", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0070" }, { "id": "jp-0071", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1219, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1219年", "label_en": "1219" }, "title_ja": "源実朝の暗殺", "title_en": "Shogun Sanetomo is assassinated", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0071-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "鶴岡八幡宮で将軍源実朝が甥の公暁に殺され、源氏将軍の直系は絶えた。それでも北条氏は、京都から迎えた将軍を戴いて政権を維持した。", "text_en": "Shogun Minamoto no Sanetomo was killed at Tsurugaoka Hachimangū by his nephew Kugyō; after the direct Minamoto shogunal line ended, the Hōjō maintained rule under shoguns brought from Kyoto.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0071", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0071" }, { "id": "jp-0072", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1221, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1221年", "label_en": "1221" }, "title_ja": "承久の乱", "title_en": "The Jōkyū War breaks out", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0072-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "後鳥羽院方を破った鎌倉幕府は京都に六波羅探題を置き、没収地への御家人配置を通じて西国への影響力を強めた。", "text_en": "After defeating Retired Emperor Go-Toba’s forces, the shogunate established the Rokuhara Tandai in Kyoto and extended influence westward by assigning vassals to confiscated estates.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0072", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0072" }, { "id": "jp-0073", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1232, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1232年", "label_en": "1232" }, "title_ja": "御成敗式目の制定", "title_en": "The Goseibai Shikimoku is issued", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0073-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "北条泰時のもとで制定された51か条は、御家人の所領紛争や相続を裁く武家法の基準となり、公家法と併存した。", "text_en": "The fifty-one articles issued under Hōjō Yasutoki became standards for judging vassal disputes over land and inheritance, and they coexisted with court law rather than replacing it outright.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0073", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0073" }, { "id": "jp-0074", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1252, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1252年", "label_en": "1252" }, "title_ja": "鎌倉大仏造立の開始", "title_en": "Casting begins on the Great Buddha of Kamakura", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "culture", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0074-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "史料によれば、鎌倉で金銅八丈の阿弥陀仏の造立が始まった。そこからは、大規模な勧進と鋳造を支えた都市の技術と信仰がうかがえる。", "text_en": "Records describe work beginning on a monumental gilt-bronze Amitābha in Kamakura. Casting on that scale reflects the skills, fundraising, and devotion of the city.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0074", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0074" }, { "id": "jp-0075", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1274, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1274年", "label_en": "1274" }, "title_ja": "文永のモンゴル襲来", "title_en": "Mongol forces invade in the Bun’ei campaign", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0075-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "元・高麗を中心とする軍が対馬・壱岐を攻撃して博多湾に上陸し、鎌倉幕府は九州御家人を動員して防戦した。", "text_en": "Forces led by the Yuan and Goryeo attacked Tsushima and Iki and landed at Hakata Bay, where the shogunate mobilized Kyushu vassals to resist them.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0075", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0075" }, { "id": "jp-0076", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1281, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1281年", "label_en": "1281" }, "title_ja": "弘安のモンゴル襲来", "title_en": "Mongol forces invade again in the Kōan campaign", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0076-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "二方面から来航した元軍を御家人が石築地などを用いて阻み、暴風も艦隊に大損害を与えた。勝敗を天候だけでは説明できない。", "text_en": "Vassals used coastal defenses to contain Yuan fleets arriving from two directions, while storms inflicted further devastation; weather alone does not explain the outcome.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0076", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0076" }, { "id": "jp-0077", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1297, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1297年", "label_en": "1297" }, "title_ja": "永仁の徳政令", "title_en": "The shogunate issues the Einin debt-relief decree", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0077-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "幕府は困窮する御家人に所領を取り戻させようとした。しかし売買や質入れを無効としたため金融と土地取引は混乱し、御家人制の構造的な窮乏も解消できなかった。", "text_en": "The shogunate tried to restore lands lost by indebted vassals, but undoing sales and pledges disrupted credit and land markets without resolving the vassal system’s structural distress.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0077", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0077" }, { "id": "jp-0078", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1331, "end_year": 1333, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1331〜1333年", "label_en": "1331–1333" }, "title_ja": "元弘の乱", "title_en": "The Genkō War breaks out", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "chugoku", "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0078-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "後醍醐天皇の倒幕計画から戦乱が広がり、足利尊氏や新田義貞ら有力武士の離反によって鎌倉幕府は急速に崩れた。", "text_en": "Emperor Go-Daigo’s attempt to overthrow the shogunate widened into war, and defections by powerful warriors including Ashikaga Takauji and Nitta Yoshisada rapidly broke Kamakura rule.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0078", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0078" }, { "id": "jp-0079", "era_id": "kamakura", "chronology": { "start_year": 1333, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1333年", "label_en": "1333" }, "title_ja": "鎌倉幕府の滅亡", "title_en": "The Kamakura shogunate falls", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0079-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "新田義貞軍が鎌倉を攻略し、北条高時らは自害した。約150年に及ぶ鎌倉政権はここで終わり、政治秩序の再編が始まった。", "text_en": "Nitta Yoshisada’s forces captured Kamakura, and Hōjō Takatoki and others died by suicide. Roughly 150 years of Kamakura government ended, and a struggle to remake political order began.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0078", "jp-0080" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0079", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0079" }, { "id": "jp-0080", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1333, "end_year": 1336, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1333〜1336年", "label_en": "1333–1336" }, "title_ja": "建武政権とその崩壊", "title_en": "The Kenmu government rises and collapses", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0080-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "後醍醐天皇は天皇中心の統治再建を進めた。だが恩賞や所領処理をめぐる不満をまとめた足利尊氏との内戦で、政権は短期間に崩れた。", "text_en": "Go-Daigo sought to restore emperor-centered rule, but disputes over rewards and landholding fed a civil war led by Ashikaga Takauji, and the government quickly collapsed.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0079", "jp-0081" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0080", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0080" }, { "id": "jp-0081", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1336, "end_year": 1392, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1336〜1392年", "label_en": "1336–1392" }, "title_ja": "南北朝の内乱と足利政権", "title_en": "The Northern and Southern Courts contend as Ashikaga rule takes hold", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0081-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "足利尊氏は京都に武家政権を築いた。吉野の南朝と京都の北朝が正統性を争う内乱は、守護の権限と地域社会の結びつきを変えた。", "text_en": "Ashikaga Takauji built a warrior government in Kyoto while the Southern Court at Yoshino contested the Northern Court, a civil war that transformed provincial governors’ power and local alignments.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0081", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0081" }, { "id": "jp-0082", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1392, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1392年", "label_en": "1392" }, "title_ja": "南北朝の合一", "title_en": "The Northern and Southern Courts reunify", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0082-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "足利義満の仲介で南朝の後亀山天皇が京都へ帰り、神器を渡した。しかし皇統交替の約束は実現せず、南朝系の抵抗はその後も残った。", "text_en": "Through Ashikaga Yoshimitsu’s mediation, Southern emperor Go-Kameyama returned to Kyoto and transferred the regalia, but the promised alternation of lines did not occur and Southern resistance persisted.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0082", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0082" }, { "id": "jp-0083", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1401, "end_year": 1404, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1401〜1404年", "label_en": "1401–1404" }, "title_ja": "明との勘合貿易の開始", "title_en": "Tally trade with Ming China begins", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "economy", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "kyushu", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0083-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "足利義満は1401年に使節を送った。1404年からは倭寇と公的使節を区別する勘合を用いた交易が始まり、銅銭・絹・書籍・工芸品が往来した。", "text_en": "Yoshimitsu sent an embassy in 1401, and from 1404 tally certificates distinguished official missions from piracy as coins, silk, books, and crafts circulated between Japan and Ming China.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0083", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0083" }, { "id": "jp-0084", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1428, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1428年", "label_en": "1428" }, "title_ja": "正長の徳政一揆", "title_en": "The Shōchō debt-relief uprising spreads", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0084-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "近江の馬借らの蜂起を端緒に京都・奈良周辺で民衆が借金帳消しを要求し、土倉や酒屋を襲う徳政一揆が広がった。", "text_en": "An uprising involving transport workers in Ōmi helped trigger popular demands for cancellation of debts around Kyoto and Nara, and crowds attacked moneylenders and sake brewers.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0084", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0084" }, { "id": "jp-0085", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1429, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1429年", "label_en": "1429" }, "title_ja": "尚巴志による琉球王国の統一", "title_en": "Shō Hashi unifies the Ryukyu Kingdom", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "okinawa", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0085-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "尚巴志は北山を滅ぼして沖縄島の三山を統一した。首里を中心とする琉球王国は、明への朝貢と東南アジアの交易を結ぶ海域国家として発展した。", "text_en": "After Shō Hashi defeated Hokuzan and united Okinawa’s three kingdoms, the Shuri-centered Ryukyu Kingdom developed as a maritime polity linking Ming tributary relations with Southeast Asian trade.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0085", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0085" }, { "id": "jp-0086", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1467, "end_year": 1477, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1467〜1477年", "label_en": "1467–1477" }, "title_ja": "応仁・文明の乱", "title_en": "The Ōnin-Bunmei War engulfs Kyoto", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0086-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "将軍の継嗣と有力家の家督をめぐる争いは、京都を主戦場とする長期戦へ広がった。都は焼け、守護の権力と地域秩序の組み替えも早まった。", "text_en": "Disputes over shogunal and great-house succession expanded into a decade of war centered on Kyoto. The capital burned, and change in provincial power and local order accelerated.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0086", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0086" }, { "id": "jp-0087", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1485, "end_year": 1493, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1485〜1493年", "label_en": "1485–1493" }, "title_ja": "山城国一揆の自治", "title_en": "The Yamashiro provincial league governs", "theme_ids": [ "society", "politics", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0087-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "山城南部の国人と住民は対立する畠山両軍を退去させ、合議と掟によって約8年間地域を運営した。", "text_en": "Local warriors and residents in southern Yamashiro expelled the rival Hatakeyama armies and governed the region for about eight years through assemblies and written rules.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0087", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0087" }, { "id": "jp-0088", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1488, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1488年", "label_en": "1488" }, "title_ja": "加賀一向一揆による守護の打倒", "title_en": "The Kaga Ikkō league ousts the provincial military governor", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "society", "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "chubu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0088-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "本願寺門徒を含む国人・農民の連合が守護富樫政親を倒し、加賀では寺内町や地域勢力の合議を伴う支配が長く続いた。", "text_en": "A sworn league (ikki) of local warriors and farmers, including Honganji adherents, overthrew the provincial military governor Togashi Masachika. Rule in Kaga then rested for decades on temple towns and regional councils.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0088", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0088" }, { "id": "jp-0089", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1493, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1493年", "label_en": "1493" }, "title_ja": "明応の政変と戦国化", "title_en": "The Meiō coup deepens political fragmentation", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0089-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "細川政元が将軍足利義稙を追放して別の将軍を立て、将軍権威の分裂と各地の戦国大名による領国形成を促した。", "text_en": "Hosokawa Masamoto expelled Shogun Ashikaga Yoshitane and installed a rival, splitting shogunal legitimacy and speeding domain-building by regional warlords.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0089", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0089" }, { "id": "jp-0090", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1543, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1543年", "label_en": "1543" }, "title_ja": "鉄砲の種子島伝来", "title_en": "Firearms reach Tanegashima", "theme_ids": [ "science", "conflict", "economy", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0090-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "種子島に漂着したポルトガル人から火縄銃が伝わり、列島の鍛冶職人が国産化して戦国大名の軍事と生産・流通を変えた。", "text_en": "Matchlock guns arrived with Portuguese voyagers on Tanegashima; local smiths reproduced them, transforming warfare as well as production and distribution.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0090", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0090" }, { "id": "jp-0091", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1549, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1549年", "label_en": "1549" }, "title_ja": "キリスト教宣教の開始", "title_en": "Christian missions begin", "theme_ids": [ "belief", "diplomacy", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0091-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "イエズス会のフランシスコ・ザビエルが鹿児島に到着し、交易と結びついた宣教は九州から畿内へ広がった。", "text_en": "Jesuit Francis Xavier arrived in Kagoshima, and a mission closely entangled with maritime trade spread from Kyushu toward the Kinai.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0091", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0091" }, { "id": "jp-0092", "era_id": "muromachi", "chronology": { "start_year": 1560, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1560年", "label_en": "1560" }, "title_ja": "桶狭間の戦い", "title_en": "Nobunaga wins at Okehazama", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "chubu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0092-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "尾張の織田信長が侵攻した今川義元を破って東海の勢力関係を変え、後の京都進出につながる足場を築いた。", "text_en": "Oda Nobunaga of Owari defeated the invading Imagawa Yoshimoto, which shifted the balance in Tōkai and gave him a base for his later advance on Kyoto.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0092", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0092" }, { "id": "jp-0093", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1568, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1568年", "label_en": "1568" }, "title_ja": "足利義昭を奉じた織田信長の上洛", "title_en": "Nobunaga enters Kyoto with Ashikaga Yoshiaki", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "chubu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0093-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "織田信長は足利義昭を将軍に据えて京都の政治秩序へ介入し、畿内の大名・寺社・都市をめぐる統一戦争を進めた。", "text_en": "Oda Nobunaga installed Ashikaga Yoshiaki as shogun and intervened in Kyoto politics, advancing wars over lords, temples, and cities in the Kinai.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0093", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0093" }, { "id": "jp-0094", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1571, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1571年", "label_en": "1571" }, "title_ja": "織田軍による比叡山焼き討ち", "title_en": "Oda forces attack Mount Hiei", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "belief", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0094-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "信長軍は対立した延暦寺の堂舎と周辺を攻撃・焼亡させ、多数の僧俗が殺害された。宗教勢力もまた、統一戦争を戦う当事者だった。", "text_en": "Nobunaga’s army attacked and burned Enryakuji and its surroundings, killing many clergy and laypeople; religious institutions were active powers in the wars of unification, not passive backdrops.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0094", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0094" }, { "id": "jp-0095", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1573, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1573年", "label_en": "1573" }, "title_ja": "室町幕府の終焉", "title_en": "The Muromachi shogunate ends", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0095-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "信長が将軍足利義昭を京都から追放し、足利将軍家の政権は終わった。ただし義昭は、なお将軍号と反信長勢力との連絡を保った。", "text_en": "Nobunaga expelled Shogun Ashikaga Yoshiaki from Kyoto, ending Ashikaga government there, although Yoshiaki retained his title and contacts with anti-Nobunaga forces.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0095", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0095" }, { "id": "jp-0096", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1575, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1575年", "label_en": "1575" }, "title_ja": "長篠・設楽原の戦い", "title_en": "The Oda-Tokugawa alliance wins at Nagashino-Shitaragahara", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "science", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "chubu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0096-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "織田・徳川連合軍が武田軍を破った。鉄砲と野戦築城を組み合わせた戦闘として知られるが、「三段撃ち」の定型的な説明には後世の脚色が含まれる。", "text_en": "The Oda-Tokugawa alliance defeated Takeda forces in a battle noted for combining firearms with field fortifications, while the familiar story of regimented three-rank volleys contains later embellishment.", "qualifier_ja": "鉄砲の運用形態には史料上の議論がある。", "qualifier_en": "The precise organization of firearm tactics remains debated in the sources.", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0096", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0096" }, { "id": "jp-0097", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1576, "end_year": 1579, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1576〜1579年", "label_en": "1576–1579" }, "title_ja": "安土城と城下町の築造", "title_en": "Azuchi Castle and its town are built", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "economy", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0097-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "琵琶湖の交通を押さえる安土城と城下町は、壮麗な建築、楽市楽座、広域の流通を結びつけ、統一の権力を目に見える形にした。", "text_en": "Azuchi Castle and its town commanded the routes across Lake Biwa. They joined monumental display, open-market policies, and long-distance trade, making the power of unification something people could see.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0097", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0097" }, { "id": "jp-0098", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1582, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1582年", "label_en": "1582" }, "title_ja": "本能寺の変", "title_en": "Nobunaga dies in the Honnōji Incident", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0098-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "明智光秀が京都の本能寺を急襲し、織田信長は自害した。直後に光秀を破った羽柴秀吉が、織田政権の継承争いで優位に立った。", "text_en": "Akechi Mitsuhide’s surprise attack forced Oda Nobunaga to die at Honnōji; Hashiba Hideyoshi then defeated Mitsuhide and gained the advantage in the struggle to inherit Oda power.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0098", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0098" }, { "id": "jp-0099", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1585, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1585年", "label_en": "1585" }, "title_ja": "豊臣秀吉の関白就任", "title_en": "Toyotomi Hideyoshi becomes kampaku", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0099-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "秀吉は朝廷の関白に就任し、豊臣姓を得て、武家の軍事力と公家官位を組み合わせた全国統合を進めた。", "text_en": "Hideyoshi became imperial regent and received the Toyotomi name, combining military power with court office to advance nationwide integration.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0099", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0099" }, { "id": "jp-0100", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1587, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1587年", "label_en": "1587" }, "title_ja": "九州平定と伴天連追放令", "title_en": "The Kyushu campaign is followed by the anti-missionary edict", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "belief", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0100-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "島津氏を服属させた秀吉は、宣教師の国外退去を命じた。だが南蛮貿易や個々の信仰が直ちに途絶えたわけではなく、政策の執行には幅があった。", "text_en": "After subduing the Shimazu, Hideyoshi ordered missionaries to leave Japan, but overseas trade and individual Christian practice did not immediately cease, and enforcement varied.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0100", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0100" }, { "id": "jp-0101", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1588, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1588年", "label_en": "1588" }, "title_ja": "刀狩令", "title_en": "Hideyoshi issues the Sword Hunt Edict", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0101-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "秀吉は百姓から武器を回収する命令を出し、検地とともに兵農分離を進めた。ただし民間の武器保有が一度に完全に消えたわけではない。", "text_en": "Hideyoshi ordered weapons collected from cultivators and, together with cadastral surveys, advanced status separation, though civilian weapon possession did not disappear at once.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0101", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0101" }, { "id": "jp-0102", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1590, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1590年", "label_en": "1590" }, "title_ja": "小田原攻めと全国的な軍事統一", "title_en": "Odawara campaign completes military unification", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "tohoku", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0102-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "秀吉は後北条氏を滅ぼし、奥羽の大名にも領地を認定した。これによって列島主要部の大名は、豊臣政権の軍役と所領の秩序に組み込まれた。", "text_en": "Hideyoshi destroyed the Later Hōjō and confirmed northern lords’ holdings, bringing the major domains of the archipelago into Toyotomi systems of landholding and military service.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0102", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0102" }, { "id": "jp-0103", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1592, "end_year": 1598, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1592〜1598年", "label_en": "1592–1598" }, "title_ja": "豊臣政権による朝鮮侵略", "title_en": "The Toyotomi regime invades Korea", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0103-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "秀吉は1592年と1597年に朝鮮へ大軍を送り侵略した。朝鮮・明軍の抵抗と講和交渉の破綻で長期化し、朝鮮半島に甚大な殺傷・破壊・連行をもたらした。", "text_en": "Hideyoshi sent large invasion armies to Korea in 1592 and 1597. Korean and Ming resistance and failed negotiations prolonged the war, bringing immense killing, destruction, and forced removals to the peninsula.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0103", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0103" }, { "id": "jp-0104", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1598, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1598年", "label_en": "1598" }, "title_ja": "豊臣秀吉の死去と日本軍の撤退", "title_en": "Hideyoshi dies and Japanese forces withdraw", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0104-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "秀吉の死を受けて、五大老・五奉行は朝鮮から軍を撤退させた。だが豊臣政権の内部では、幼い秀頼を支える権力均衡が急速に崩れた。", "text_en": "After Hideyoshi’s death, the councils of elders and commissioners withdrew forces from Korea, while the balance meant to support the child Hideyori rapidly fractured.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0103", "jp-0105" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0104", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0104" }, { "id": "jp-0105", "era_id": "azuchi-momoyama", "chronology": { "start_year": 1600, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1600年", "label_en": "1600" }, "title_ja": "関ヶ原の戦い", "title_en": "Tokugawa Ieyasu’s coalition wins at Sekigahara", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "chubu", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0105-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "徳川家康方が石田三成らの西軍を破った。戦後の大規模な改易・転封によって、家康は全国の大名配置を主導する基盤を得た。", "text_en": "Tokugawa Ieyasu’s coalition defeated the western army associated with Ishida Mitsunari, and the ensuing confiscations and transfers gave Ieyasu command over the domain map.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room2", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0105", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0105" }, { "id": "jp-0106", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1603, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1603年", "label_en": "1603" }, "title_ja": "江戸幕府の成立", "title_en": "The Edo shogunate is established", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0106-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "徳川家康が征夷大将軍となり、江戸を中心に幕府と大名領が並び立つ幕藩制の骨格を整えた。", "text_en": "Tokugawa Ieyasu became shogun and built from Edo the framework of a shogunate-domain order in which central and domain governments coexisted.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0106", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0106" }, { "id": "jp-0107", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1609, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1609年", "label_en": "1609" }, "title_ja": "薩摩藩による琉球王国侵略", "title_en": "Satsuma invades the Ryukyu Kingdom", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "diplomacy", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "okinawa", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0107-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "島津軍が琉球王国を侵略し、尚寧王を降伏させた。以後の王国は、明・清への朝貢関係を保ちながら薩摩藩の支配と収奪も受ける、二重の従属関係に置かれた。", "text_en": "Shimazu forces invaded Ryukyu and forced King Shō Nei to submit; the kingdom then retained tributary relations with Ming and Qing China while also facing Satsuma control and extraction.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0107", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0107" }, { "id": "jp-0108", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1615, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1615年", "label_en": "1615" }, "title_ja": "大坂夏の陣と武家諸法度", "title_en": "The shogunate ends the Toyotomi house and issues Laws for the Military Houses", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0108-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "幕府は大坂城の豊臣氏を滅ぼし、同年の武家諸法度で城郭修築や婚姻など大名行動を統制する基準を示した。", "text_en": "The shogunate destroyed the Toyotomi house at Osaka and issued Laws for the Military Houses regulating domains’ castles, marriages, and political conduct.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0108", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0108" }, { "id": "jp-0109", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1635, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1635年", "label_en": "1635" }, "title_ja": "参勤交代の制度化と海域統制", "title_en": "Alternate attendance and maritime controls are codified", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "economy", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0109-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "幕府は武家諸法度で大名の参勤交代を制度化した。あわせて日本人の海外渡航と帰国を禁じる法令を重ね、人と物の流れを選別的に統制した。", "text_en": "The shogunate codified lords’ alternate attendance and reinforced bans on Japanese overseas travel and return, selectively controlling mobility rather than ending all exchange.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0109", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0109" }, { "id": "jp-0110", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1637, "end_year": 1638, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1637〜1638年", "label_en": "1637–1638" }, "title_ja": "島原・天草一揆", "title_en": "The Shimabara-Amakusa uprising breaks out", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "belief", "society", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0110-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "重税と領主支配への不満を背景に、キリシタンを多く含む農民・浪人が蜂起した。幕府軍は原城を攻略して多数を殺害し、その後の宗教統制をさらに強めた。", "text_en": "Peasants and masterless warriors, many of them Christian, rebelled amid severe taxation and lordly abuse; after crushing Hara Castle and killing large numbers, the shogunate tightened religious control.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0110", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0110" }, { "id": "jp-0111", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1639, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1639年", "label_en": "1639" }, "title_ja": "ポルトガル船来航の禁止", "title_en": "Portuguese ships are barred", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "belief", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0111-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "幕府はキリスト教禁制とイベリア勢力への警戒から、ポルトガル船の来航を禁じた。それでも中国・朝鮮・琉球・アイヌ社会やオランダとのつながりは続いた。", "text_en": "The shogunate barred Portuguese ships amid Christian prohibition and suspicion of Iberian powers, while connections with China, Korea, Ryukyu, Ainu communities, and the Dutch continued.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0111", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0111" }, { "id": "jp-0112", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1641, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1641年以降", "label_en": "from 1641" }, "title_ja": "「鎖国」下の四つの対外窓口", "title_en": "Four gateways manage exchange under the so-called sakoku system", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "economy", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "okinawa", "hokkaido", "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0112-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "オランダ商館が出島へ移された後、外交と交易、知識の移入は四つの窓口で管理された。長崎の中国・オランダ、対馬の朝鮮、薩摩支配下の琉球、松前口のアイヌ社会である。完全な国際的孤立ではない。", "text_en": "After the Dutch factory moved to Dejima, diplomacy, trade, and knowledge were managed through four gateways: Chinese and Dutch exchange at Nagasaki, Korea via Tsushima, Ryukyu under Satsuma, and Ainu trade through Matsumae. This was not complete international isolation.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0112", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0112" }, { "id": "jp-0113", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1657, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1657年", "label_en": "1657" }, "title_ja": "明暦の大火", "title_en": "The Great Fire of Meireki burns most of Edo", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0113-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "江戸の市街の大半を焼いた大火で多数が死亡した。幕府は道路の拡幅、火除地、寺社の移転など、都市防災を意識した復興を進めた。", "text_en": "The fire burned most of Edo and killed many people; reconstruction widened roads, created firebreak spaces, and relocated temples as urban disaster planning became more systematic.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "bousai-lessons" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0113", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0113" }, { "id": "jp-0114", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1669, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1669年", "label_en": "1669" }, "title_ja": "シャクシャインの戦い", "title_en": "Shakushain’s coalition fights the Matsumae domain", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "economy", "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "hokkaido" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0114-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "交易条件と地域対立を背景に、アイヌ首長シャクシャインの連合が松前藩と戦った。鎮圧の後、松前側による交易支配はさらに強まった。", "text_en": "Against a background of trade terms and regional rivalries, an Ainu coalition led by Shakushain fought the Matsumae domain. After its defeat, Matsumae control over trade tightened further.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0114", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0114" }, { "id": "jp-0115", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1685, "end_year": 1709, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1685〜1709年", "label_en": "1685–1709" }, "title_ja": "生類憐み政策", "title_en": "Tsunayoshi issues edicts protecting living things", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "belief" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0115-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "徳川綱吉政権は、人と動物の保護を命じる法令を重ねた。捨子や病人の保護を含む一面と、犬の収容など住民に重い負担を課した一面を併せ持つ政策である。", "text_en": "Tsunayoshi’s government repeatedly ordered protection for humans and animals. The measures covered abandoned children and the sick, and also imposed heavy burdens, including the impounding of dogs on a large scale.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0115", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0115" }, { "id": "jp-0116", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1688, "end_year": 1704, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "元禄期（1688〜1704年）", "label_en": "Genroku era (1688–1704)" }, "title_ja": "都市文化と商品経済の成熟", "title_en": "Urban culture and a commercial economy mature", "theme_ids": [ "culture", "economy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "kinki", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0116-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "上方と江戸を軸に出版、歌舞伎、人形浄瑠璃、浮世草子が発達し、三都と各地を結ぶ流通・金融が町人文化を支えた。", "text_en": "Publishing, kabuki, puppet theater, and popular fiction flourished around Kamigata (the Kyoto-Osaka region) and Edo, supported by trade and finance that linked the three great cities with regional markets.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0116", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0116" }, { "id": "jp-0117", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1707, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1707年", "label_en": "1707" }, "title_ja": "宝永地震と富士山噴火", "title_en": "The Hōei earthquake is followed by an eruption of Mount Fuji", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "economy", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "chubu", "kinki", "shikoku" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0117-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "南海トラフ沿いの巨大地震と津波の49日後に富士山が噴火し、広域の被害と降灰による長期的な農地・河川災害を生んだ。", "text_en": "A great Nankai Trough earthquake and tsunami was followed forty-nine days later by a Fuji eruption, causing widespread destruction and prolonged agricultural and river damage from ashfall.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "bousai-lessons" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0117", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0117" }, { "id": "jp-0118", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1716, "end_year": 1745, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1716〜1745年", "label_en": "1716–1745" }, "title_ja": "享保の改革", "title_en": "Yoshimune launches the Kyōhō Reforms", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "economy", "society", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0118-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "徳川吉宗政権は年貢の増徴と新田開発で財政の立て直しに取り組んだ。あわせて目安箱、小石川養生所、漢訳洋書の輸入緩和など、統治と知識の政策を改めた。", "text_en": "Yoshimune’s government pursued fiscal recovery through higher rice revenues and new fields while introducing petition boxes, the Koishikawa clinic, and relaxed import rules for non-Christian Western books.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0118", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0118" }, { "id": "jp-0119", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1732, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1732年", "label_en": "1732" }, "title_ja": "享保の飢饉", "title_en": "The Kyōhō famine spreads", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "chugoku", "shikoku", "kyushu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0119-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "冷夏とウンカの被害で、西日本を中心に稲作が大打撃を受けた。飢餓と米価の高騰が広がるなか、救済と甘藷の普及が政策課題となった。", "text_en": "Cool weather and planthopper damage devastated rice crops, especially in western Japan. Hunger and price spikes spread, and famine relief and sweet-potato cultivation moved onto the policy agenda.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "bousai-lessons" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0119", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0119" }, { "id": "jp-0120", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1774, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1774年", "label_en": "1774" }, "title_ja": "『解体新書』刊行", "title_en": "Kaitai Shinsho is published", "theme_ids": [ "science", "culture", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0120-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "杉田玄白・前野良沢らがオランダ語解剖書を翻訳し、観察と翻訳語の創出を通じて蘭学と近代的医学知識の展開を促した。", "text_en": "Sugita Genpaku, Maeno Ryōtaku, and collaborators translated a Dutch anatomy book, advancing rangaku (Dutch learning) and medical knowledge through observation and the creation of new terminology.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0120", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0120" }, { "id": "jp-0121", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1782, "end_year": 1788, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1782〜1788年", "label_en": "1782–1788" }, "title_ja": "天明の飢饉と浅間山噴火", "title_en": "The Tenmei famine deepens as Mount Asama erupts", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "economy", "science" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku", "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0121-c1", "badge": "science", "text_ja": "冷害と1783年の浅間山噴火が重なった。流通・備蓄・領主政策の差も加わり、とりわけ東北で大量の餓死、病死、人口移動を引き起こした。", "text_en": "Cold-weather crop failures, the 1783 Asama eruption, and unequal systems of storage, distribution, and domain relief combined to cause mass hunger, disease, and migration, especially in Tōhoku.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "bousai-lessons" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0121", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0121" }, { "id": "jp-0122", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1787, "end_year": 1793, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1787〜1793年", "label_en": "1787–1793" }, "title_ja": "寛政の改革", "title_en": "Matsudaira Sadanobu launches the Kansei Reforms", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "economy", "culture", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0122-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "松平定信は飢饉後の備蓄と農村復興、旗本・御家人の債務整理を進める一方、朱子学を重視し出版・風俗を統制した。", "text_en": "Matsudaira Sadanobu promoted famine reserves, rural recovery, and debt relief for shogunal retainers while privileging Zhu Xi learning and regulating publishing and popular culture.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0122", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0122" }, { "id": "jp-0123", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1792, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1792年", "label_en": "1792" }, "title_ja": "ラクスマン使節の根室来航", "title_en": "The Laxman mission reaches Nemuro", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "economy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "hokkaido", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0123-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "ロシア使節アダム・ラクスマンが漂流民を送還し、通商を求めた。幕府は長崎への入港許可証を与え、北方の警備と対露外交を具体的な課題として認識した。", "text_en": "Russian envoy Adam Laxman returned castaways and requested trade; the shogunate issued a permit to enter Nagasaki and increasingly treated northern defense and Russian diplomacy as concrete concerns.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0123", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0123" }, { "id": "jp-0124", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1800, "end_year": 1816, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1800〜1816年", "label_en": "1800–1816" }, "title_ja": "伊能忠敬の全国測量", "title_en": "Inō Tadataka surveys Japan", "theme_ids": [ "science", "politics", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "hokkaido" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0124-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "伊能忠敬と測量隊は蝦夷地から九州まで実測を重ね、高精度な沿海地図の基礎データを集めた。最終図は忠敬の死後に完成した。", "text_en": "Inō Tadataka and surveying teams measured routes from Ezo to Kyushu and assembled the observations behind highly accurate coastal maps, completed after Inō’s death.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0124", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0124" }, { "id": "jp-0125", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1808, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1808年", "label_en": "1808" }, "title_ja": "フェートン号事件", "title_en": "The Phaeton Incident exposes weaknesses in port defenses", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0125-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "英国軍艦フェートン号がオランダ国旗を偽装して長崎港へ侵入し、人質を取った。事件は港の警備の弱さと、欧州の戦争が東アジアにまで及ぶことをあらわにした。", "text_en": "The British warship Phaeton entered Nagasaki under a false Dutch flag and seized hostages. The incident exposed weaknesses in port defenses and the reach of European wars into East Asia.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0125", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0125" }, { "id": "jp-0126", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1825, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1825年", "label_en": "1825" }, "title_ja": "異国船打払令", "title_en": "The shogunate issues the Edict to Repel Foreign Vessels", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0126-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "幕府は日本沿岸へ接近する清・朝鮮・琉球・オランダ以外の船を、武力で退去させるよう命じた。異国船への警戒は、ここで全国の海防政策になった。", "text_en": "The shogunate ordered domains to drive away ships other than authorized Chinese, Korean, Ryukyuan, and Dutch vessels. With that, fear of foreign ships became a nationwide coastal-defense policy.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room3", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0126", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0126" }, { "id": "jp-0127", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1833, "end_year": 1837, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1833〜1837年", "label_en": "1833–1837" }, "title_ja": "天保の飢饉", "title_en": "The Tenpō famine spreads", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0127-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "冷害・洪水・凶作が続き、備蓄と救済の不足、米価高騰が餓死・疫病・逃散を拡大させ、各地で打ちこわしが起きた。", "text_en": "Repeated cold-weather failures, floods, and poor harvests met inadequate reserves and relief and soaring rice prices. Hunger and epidemics spread, people fled the villages, and urban riots broke out.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "bousai-lessons" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0127", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0127" }, { "id": "jp-0128", "era_id": "edo", "chronology": { "start_year": 1837, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1837年", "label_en": "1837" }, "title_ja": "大塩平八郎の乱", "title_en": "Ōshio Heihachirō rebels in Osaka", "theme_ids": [ "society", "conflict", "politics", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0128-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "飢饉のさなか、救済に動かない大坂町奉行所と豪商を批判して、元与力の大塩平八郎が蜂起した。蜂起は短時間で鎮圧されたが、幕府直轄都市における統治への不信を示した。", "text_en": "Former magistrate’s officer Ōshio Heihachirō rebelled against Osaka officials and wealthy merchants who failed to relieve famine suffering. The revolt was quickly crushed, but it revealed distrust in shogunal urban rule.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-tenkataihen", "hi-dainihon" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0128", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0128" }, { "id": "jp-0129", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1853, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1853年", "label_en": "1853" }, "title_ja": "ペリー艦隊の浦賀来航", "title_en": "Perry’s squadron arrives at Uraga", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0129-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "米国東インド艦隊司令長官ペリーが蒸気軍艦を率い、開港を要求した。幕府は大名や朝廷にも意見を求め、みずからの対外政策の独占を揺るがせた。", "text_en": "Commodore Matthew Perry arrived with steam warships and demanded open ports. The shogunate then sought opinions from the domains and the court, weakening its own monopoly over foreign policy.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0129", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0129" }, { "id": "jp-0130", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1854, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1854年", "label_en": "1854" }, "title_ja": "日米和親条約", "title_en": "The shogunate signs the Convention of Kanagawa", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0130-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "幕府は米国と和親条約を結び、下田・箱館を開いて漂流民保護や補給を定め、欧米諸国との条約体制へ入った。", "text_en": "The shogunate signed a convention with the United States, opening Shimoda and Hakodate for supplies and providing for castaways, and entered a wider treaty system with Western powers.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0130", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0130" }, { "id": "jp-0131", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1858, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1858年", "label_en": "1858" }, "title_ja": "安政五カ国条約", "title_en": "The shogunate signs the Ansei commercial treaties", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0131-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "幕府は米・蘭・露・英・仏と通商条約を結び、開港、領事裁判権、関税協定を受け入れた。勅許を得ない調印は国内政治対立を激化させた。", "text_en": "The shogunate signed commercial treaties with the United States, Netherlands, Russia, Britain, and France, accepting open ports, consular jurisdiction, and negotiated tariffs. Signing without imperial sanction intensified domestic conflict.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0131", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0131" }, { "id": "jp-0132", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1860, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1860年", "label_en": "1860" }, "title_ja": "桜田門外の変", "title_en": "Ii Naosuke is assassinated outside Sakurada Gate", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0132-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "水戸浪士らが江戸城桜田門外で大老井伊直弼を暗殺した。安政の大獄を主導した幕府最高権力者の死は、統治の求心力を大きく損なった。", "text_en": "Rōnin from Mito and allies assassinated chief minister Ii Naosuke outside Sakurada Gate; the death of the official who had led the Ansei Purge severely weakened shogunal authority.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0132", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0132" }, { "id": "jp-0133", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1862, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1862年", "label_en": "1862" }, "title_ja": "生麦事件", "title_en": "Satsuma retainers attack British travelers at Namamugi", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0133-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "薩摩藩主の行列を横切った英国人が藩士に殺傷され、賠償交渉の決裂から翌年の薩英戦争へ発展した。", "text_en": "Satsuma retainers killed and wounded British travelers who crossed a daimyō procession, and the failed compensation dispute escalated into the Anglo-Satsuma War the following year.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0133", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0133" }, { "id": "jp-0134", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1863, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1863年", "label_en": "1863" }, "title_ja": "攘夷の実行と薩英戦争", "title_en": "Expulsion campaigns spread and Satsuma fights a British squadron", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "chugoku", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0134-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "長州藩が下関海峡の外国船を砲撃し、薩摩藩は英国艦隊と交戦した。欧米軍事力との衝突は、両藩の軍備・外交方針を転換させた。", "text_en": "Chōshū fired on foreign shipping in the Shimonoseki Strait while Satsuma fought a British squadron; clashes with Western military power pushed both domains to transform their arms and diplomacy.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0134", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0134" }, { "id": "jp-0135", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1864, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1864年", "label_en": "1864" }, "title_ja": "長州をめぐる内外戦争", "title_en": "Domestic and foreign wars converge on Chōshū", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "chugoku", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0135-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "禁門の変で敗れた長州藩は朝敵とされた。四国連合艦隊の下関砲撃と幕府の第一次長州征討を受け、藩内の政治は大きく転換した。", "text_en": "Defeat at the Kinmon Gate made Chōshū an enemy of the court. Bombardment by a four-power fleet and the shogunate’s first punitive expedition then drove a major political reversal inside the domain.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0135", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0135" }, { "id": "jp-0136", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1866, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1866年", "label_en": "1866" }, "title_ja": "薩長提携と第二次長州戦争", "title_en": "Satsuma and Chōshū align as the second Chōshū campaign fails", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "chugoku", "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0136-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "薩摩・長州両藩は軍事・政治上の提携を進め、長州を再攻撃した幕府軍が敗退したことで、幕府の軍事的威信は決定的に低下した。", "text_en": "Satsuma and Chōshū advanced a military and political partnership, and the shogunate’s failed second campaign against Chōshū decisively damaged its military prestige.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0136", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0136" }, { "id": "jp-0137", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1867, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1867年", "label_en": "1867" }, "title_ja": "大政奉還と王政復古", "title_en": "Yoshinobu returns governing authority and imperial restoration is proclaimed", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "kanto", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0137-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "徳川慶喜が統治権の返上を申し出た後、討幕派は王政復古を宣言し、幕府制度の廃止を決めた。新たな権力配分をめぐる対立は、内戦へ向かった。", "text_en": "After Tokugawa Yoshinobu offered to return governing authority, anti-shogunate leaders proclaimed imperial restoration and abolished shogunal offices; conflict over the new distribution of power moved toward civil war.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "hi-dainihon", "archives-ayumi", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0138" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0137", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0137" }, { "id": "jp-0138", "era_id": "bakumatsu", "chronology": { "start_year": 1868, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1868年", "label_en": "1868" }, "title_ja": "戊辰戦争と明治政府の発足", "title_en": "The Boshin War is fought as the Meiji government takes shape", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki", "kanto", "tohoku", "hokkaido", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0138-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "新政府軍と旧幕府勢力の内戦は、鳥羽・伏見から東北・箱館へ広がった。その一方で新政府は五箇条の誓文を示し、江戸を東京と改称して統治機構を築き始めた。", "text_en": "Civil war between the new government and former shogunal forces spread from Toba-Fushimi to Tōhoku and Hakodate, while the government issued the Charter Oath, renamed Edo Tokyo, and began building new institutions.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0137" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0138", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0138" }, { "id": "jp-0139", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1868, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1868年", "label_en": "1868" }, "title_ja": "新政府の成立と五箇条の御誓文", "title_en": "The new government issues the Charter Oath", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0139-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "王政復古後の新政府は五箇条の御誓文を掲げ、戊辰戦争を進めながら統治機構の再編に着手した。", "text_en": "After the restoration of imperial rule, the new government issued the Charter Oath and began rebuilding the machinery of government while fighting the Boshin War.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0139", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0139" }, { "id": "jp-0140", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1869, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1869年", "label_en": "1869" }, "title_ja": "北海道への改称と開拓使", "title_en": "Ezo is renamed Hokkaido and a Development Commission is created", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "hokkaido" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0140-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "政府は蝦夷地を北海道と改称し、開拓使を置いて移住と資源開発を進めた。その同じ過程で、アイヌの土地・生業・文化は国家制度の下に組み込まれた。", "text_en": "The government renamed Ezo as Hokkaido and created the Development Commission, which promoted settlement and resource development. The same process brought Ainu land, livelihoods, and culture under state institutions.", "qualifier_ja": "この過程を「開拓」だけでなく植民地化・同化政策として捉える研究がある。", "qualifier_en": "Scholars also analyze this process as colonization and assimilation, not simply as “development.”", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room5", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0140", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0140" }, { "id": "jp-0141", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1871, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1871年", "label_en": "1871" }, "title_ja": "廃藩置県", "title_en": "The domains are abolished", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0141-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "政府は藩を廃して府県を置き、旧大名による領域支配を中央政府が任命する地方行政へと置き換えた。", "text_en": "The government abolished the domains and established prefectures. Territorial rule by former daimyō gave way to local administrations appointed by the central state.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0141", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0141" }, { "id": "jp-0142", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1871, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1871年10月12日", "label_en": "October 12, 1871" }, "title_ja": "賤称廃止令", "title_en": "Outcaste status labels are abolished", "theme_ids": [ "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0142-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "太政官布告は被差別身分の呼称と身分上の扱いを廃止した。それでも土地・職業・婚姻などをめぐる差別は社会に残り、部落解放運動へつながる課題となった。", "text_en": "A Council of State proclamation abolished outcaste labels and formal status distinctions. Discrimination in landholding, work, marriage, and everyday life persisted, and later became a focus of Buraku liberation movements.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room5", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0142", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0142" }, { "id": "jp-0143", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1872, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1872年", "label_en": "1872" }, "title_ja": "学制の公布", "title_en": "A national school system is promulgated", "theme_ids": [ "society", "culture", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0143-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "政府は全国的な学校制度を構想する学制を公布した。就学率の上昇には地域差と時間を要し、学費や家計労働をめぐる抵抗もあった。", "text_en": "The government promulgated a national school system. Enrollment rose unevenly and gradually, amid resistance over fees and the loss of children’s household labor.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0143", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0143" }, { "id": "jp-0144", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1872, "end_year": 1879, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1872〜1879年", "label_en": "1872–1879" }, "title_ja": "琉球処分と沖縄県の設置", "title_en": "The Ryukyu Disposition ends the kingdom and creates Okinawa Prefecture", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "okinawa", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0144-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "政府は琉球藩の設置を経て琉球王国を廃し、1879年に沖縄県を置いた。これは近代国家への統合であると同時に、独自の王国と対外関係を強制的に終わらせる過程だった。", "text_en": "After creating a Ryukyu Domain, the government abolished the Ryukyu Kingdom and established Okinawa Prefecture in 1879. This integrated the islands into the modern state while forcibly ending a distinct kingdom and its external relations.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room5", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0144", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0144" }, { "id": "jp-0145", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1873, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1873年", "label_en": "1873" }, "title_ja": "地租改正", "title_en": "The land tax is reformed", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0145-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "地価を基準に土地所有者が金納する地租制度が導入され、政府は安定した財源を得た。一方で、不作の年にも一定額を納める負担は農村の反発を招いた。", "text_en": "A land tax assessed on land value and paid in cash by titled landowners gave the state stable revenue. It also provoked rural opposition, since fixed payments fell due even after poor harvests.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0145", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0145" }, { "id": "jp-0146", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1873, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1873年", "label_en": "1873" }, "title_ja": "徴兵令", "title_en": "The Conscription Ordinance imposes military service", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0146-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "政府は原則として成年男子に兵役義務を課し、身分制軍事力から国民軍への転換を進めた。免役規定や地域差があり、各地で反対一揆も起きた。", "text_en": "The government imposed military service in principle on adult men, shifting from status-based forces toward a national army. Exemptions and regional disparities remained, and anti-conscription uprisings occurred.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0146", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0146" }, { "id": "jp-0147", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1874, "end_year": 1890, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1874〜1890年", "label_en": "1874–1890" }, "title_ja": "自由民権運動", "title_en": "The Freedom and People’s Rights Movement demands a parliament", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0147-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "民撰議院設立建白書を起点に、各地の結社や演説会が国会開設、憲法、権利を要求し、私擬憲法も作られた。政府は弾圧と制度化の双方で応じた。", "text_en": "Beginning with the Petition for an Elected Assembly, associations and public meetings across Japan demanded a parliament, a constitution, and rights, and drafted private constitutions. The state responded through both repression and institution-building.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0147", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0147" }, { "id": "jp-0148", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1877, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1877年", "label_en": "1877" }, "title_ja": "西南戦争", "title_en": "Former samurai rise in the Satsuma Rebellion", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0148-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "西郷隆盛を擁する鹿児島の士族勢力と政府軍が戦い、政府の勝利によって旧士族による大規模な武力抵抗は終息へ向かった。", "text_en": "Former samurai forces in Kagoshima rallied around Takamori Saigō and fought the government army. The government’s victory brought large-scale armed resistance by former samurai toward its end.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0148", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0148" }, { "id": "jp-0149", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1885, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1885年12月22日", "label_en": "December 22, 1885" }, "title_ja": "内閣制度の発足", "title_en": "The cabinet system is established", "theme_ids": [ "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0149-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "太政官制に代わる内閣制度が始まり、伊藤博文が初代内閣総理大臣となった。", "text_en": "The cabinet system replaced the Council of State, and Hirobumi Itō became Japan’s first prime minister.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "kantei-cabinets", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0149", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0149" }, { "id": "jp-0150", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1889, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1889年2月11日", "label_en": "February 11, 1889" }, "title_ja": "大日本帝国憲法の発布", "title_en": "The Meiji Constitution is promulgated", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0150-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "天皇主権、臣民の権利、帝国議会、国務大臣などを定める大日本帝国憲法が発布され、立憲体制の枠組みが作られた。権利は法律の範囲内とされた。", "text_en": "The Meiji Constitution established a constitutional framework of imperial sovereignty, subject rights, an Imperial Diet, and ministers of state. Rights were guaranteed only within limits set by law.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0150", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0150" }, { "id": "jp-0151", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1890, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1890年11月29日", "label_en": "November 29, 1890" }, "title_ja": "第1回帝国議会", "title_en": "The first Imperial Diet convenes", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "culture" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0151-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "第1回帝国議会が開かれ、選挙された衆議院が国政に加わった。ただし選挙権は一定額以上を納税する男性に限られた。", "text_en": "The first Imperial Diet convened, and an elected House of Representatives entered national government. The franchise, however, was limited to men who paid a specified amount of tax.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] }, { "id": "jp-0151-c2", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "同年の教育勅語は忠孝と国家への忠誠を学校教育の道徳的規範として位置づけた。", "text_en": "The Imperial Rescript on Education issued that year placed filial piety and loyalty to the state at the center of official moral education.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0151", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0151" }, { "id": "jp-0152", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1891, "end_year": 1901, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1891〜1901年", "label_en": "1891–1901" }, "title_ja": "足尾鉱毒問題", "title_en": "Ashio copper pollution damages the Watarase valley", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "economy", "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0152-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "足尾銅山からの鉱毒が渡良瀬川流域の農漁業と生活を損ない、田中正造や被害住民が救済と操業規制を求めた。近代日本の公害史を画する事件となった。", "text_en": "Pollution from the Ashio Copper Mine damaged farming, fishing, and daily life along the Watarase River. Shōzō Tanaka and affected residents demanded relief and regulation, and the case became a landmark in Japan’s pollution history.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room5", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0152", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0152" }, { "id": "jp-0153", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1894, "end_year": 1895, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1894〜1895年", "label_en": "1894–1895" }, "title_ja": "日清戦争と台湾統治", "title_en": "The Sino-Japanese War brings Taiwan under colonial rule", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0153-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "朝鮮をめぐる対立から日本と清が戦い、下関条約で清は台湾・澎湖諸島を日本へ割譲した。日本の台湾植民地統治は1945年まで続いた。", "text_en": "Japan and Qing China fought over competing interests in Korea. Under the Treaty of Shimonoseki, Qing ceded Taiwan and the Penghu Islands to Japan, and Japanese colonial rule there lasted until 1945.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0153", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0153" }, { "id": "jp-0154", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1904, "end_year": 1905, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1904〜1905年", "label_en": "1904–1905" }, "title_ja": "日露戦争", "title_en": "Japan and Russia go to war", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0154-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "満洲と朝鮮をめぐって日本とロシアが戦い、双方に多数の死傷者を出した。講和後、日本は南樺太や南満洲の権益を得て、朝鮮への支配を強めた。", "text_en": "Japan and Russia fought over Manchuria and Korea, inflicting heavy casualties on both sides. The peace settlement gave Japan southern Sakhalin and interests in southern Manchuria and strengthened its domination of Korea.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0154", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0154" }, { "id": "jp-0155", "era_id": "meiji", "chronology": { "start_year": 1910, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1910年8月29日", "label_en": "August 29, 1910" }, "title_ja": "韓国併合", "title_en": "Japan annexes Korea", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0155-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本は韓国併合条約を発効させ、朝鮮を植民地として1945年まで統治した。政治的権利の制限、土地・教育・文化への介入と抵抗運動への弾圧を伴った。", "text_en": "Japan put the annexation treaty into effect and ruled Korea as a colony until 1945. Colonial rule restricted political rights, intervened in land, education, and culture, and repressed resistance.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0155", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0155" }, { "id": "jp-0156", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1912, "end_year": 1913, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1912〜1913年", "label_en": "1912–1913" }, "title_ja": "第一次護憲運動", "title_en": "The First Movement to Protect Constitutional Government forces a cabinet out", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0156-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "藩閥政治への反発から政党、新聞、市民が「憲政擁護」を掲げ、桂太郎内閣を退陣に追い込んだ。大衆的な政治参加が政権を動かした。", "text_en": "Parties, newspapers, and citizens rallied to “protect constitutional government” against oligarchic politics and forced the Katsura cabinet to resign. Popular participation in politics had proved strong enough to move a government.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5", "kantei-cabinets" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0156", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0156" }, { "id": "jp-0157", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1914, "end_year": 1918, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1914〜1918年", "label_en": "1914–1918" }, "title_ja": "第一次世界大戦と大戦景気", "title_en": "World War I brings Japan a wartime boom", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia", "global", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0157-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本は連合国側で参戦し、中国と太平洋のドイツ権益を占領した。欧州製品の供給減を背景に輸出と重工業が伸びた一方、物価も急騰した。", "text_en": "Japan entered the war on the Allied side and occupied German possessions in China and the Pacific. Exports and heavy industry expanded as European supplies fell, while prices also surged.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] }, { "id": "jp-0157-c2", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "1915年、日本は中国政府に二十一か条の要求を突きつけ、中国国内の反発と国際的警戒を招いた。", "text_en": "In 1915 Japan pressed the Twenty-One Demands on China, provoking opposition in China and concern abroad.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0157", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0157" }, { "id": "jp-0158", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1916, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1916年", "label_en": "1916" }, "title_ja": "工場法の施行", "title_en": "The Factory Act takes effect", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0158-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "1911年制定の工場法が施行され、女性と年少者の労働時間や深夜業、工場の安全に初の全国的規制が加わった。ただし対象工場と保護は限定的だった。", "text_en": "The Factory Act enacted in 1911 took effect. It set Japan’s first nationwide limits on hours and night work for women and minors, along with rules for factory safety, though coverage and protections remained narrow.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0158", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0158" }, { "id": "jp-0159", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1918, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1918年", "label_en": "1918" }, "title_ja": "米騒動", "title_en": "The Rice Riots spread across Japan", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "chubu", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0159-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "米価高騰への抗議が富山から全国へ広がり、都市住民、労働者、漁民、農民らが参加した。騒動は寺内正毅内閣の退陣につながった。", "text_en": "Protests against soaring rice prices spread from Toyama across Japan and drew urban residents, workers, fishers, and farmers. The unrest contributed to the resignation of the Terauchi cabinet.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5", "kantei-cabinets" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0159", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0159" }, { "id": "jp-0160", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1918, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1918年9月29日", "label_en": "September 29, 1918" }, "title_ja": "原敬の本格的政党内閣", "title_en": "Takashi Hara forms a party cabinet", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0160-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "衆議院に基盤を置く立憲政友会総裁の原敬が首相となり、政党を中心に組織した内閣が成立した。ただし参政権はなお限られていた。", "text_en": "Takashi Hara led the Seiyūkai, whose base lay in the House of Representatives. He became prime minister and formed a cabinet built on a political party, though suffrage remained restricted.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "kantei-cabinets", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0160", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0160" }, { "id": "jp-0161", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1919, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1919年3月1日", "label_en": "March 1, 1919" }, "title_ja": "三・一独立運動と植民地統治", "title_en": "The March First Movement is suppressed under colonial rule", "theme_ids": [ "society", "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0161-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "朝鮮各地で独立を求める大規模な非武装デモが起き、日本の植民地当局は軍・警察を用いて鎮圧し、多数の死傷者と逮捕者を出した。", "text_en": "Large, largely nonviolent demonstrations for independence spread across Korea. Japanese colonial authorities suppressed them with military and police force, causing many deaths, injuries, and arrests.", "qualifier_ja": "死傷者数は資料と集計範囲によって異なるが、植民地当局による暴力的な鎮圧そのものは、記録から動かない。", "qualifier_en": "Casualty figures vary by source and by how they are counted, but the violent suppression carried out by the colonial authorities is not in doubt.", "source_ids": [ "jacar", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0161", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0161" }, { "id": "jp-0162", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1920, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1920年", "label_en": "1920" }, "title_ja": "国際連盟への加盟", "title_en": "Japan joins the League of Nations", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "global", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0162-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本は国際連盟の原加盟国・常任理事国となり、旧ドイツ領南洋群島の委任統治を担った。国際協調への参加と帝国統治が同時に進んだ。", "text_en": "Japan became a founding member and permanent Council member of the League of Nations and administered former German Pacific islands under mandate. Participation in international cooperation and imperial governance advanced together.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0162", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0162" }, { "id": "jp-0163", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1922, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1922年", "label_en": "1922" }, "title_ja": "女性の政治集会参加", "title_en": "Women gain access to political meetings", "theme_ids": [ "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0163-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "新婦人協会などの運動を受け、治安警察法第5条が改正され、女性が政治集会を主催し参加できるようになった。政党加入と国政選挙権はなお認められなかった。", "text_en": "After campaigning by the New Women’s Association and others, Article 5 of the Public Peace Police Law was amended so women could organize and attend political meetings. Party membership and national voting rights remained barred.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room5", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0163", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0163" }, { "id": "jp-0164", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1923, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1923年9月1日", "label_en": "September 1, 1923" }, "title_ja": "関東大震災と虐殺", "title_en": "The Great Kantō Earthquake is followed by massacres", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0164-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "大地震と火災が東京・横浜を中心に甚大な被害を与えた。混乱の中で流言と差別が広がり、朝鮮人、中国人、日本人の社会主義者らが自警団や軍・警察関係者によって殺害された。", "text_en": "Earthquake and fire devastated Tokyo, Yokohama, and surrounding areas. Amid rumors and discrimination, vigilantes and members of the military and police killed Koreans, Chinese people, and Japanese socialists.", "qualifier_ja": "犠牲者の総数には幅があるが、虐殺の発生と国家機関の関与を示す記録が残る。", "qualifier_en": "Estimates of the total number killed vary, but records establish that massacres occurred and that state agents were involved.", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room5", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0164", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0164" }, { "id": "jp-0165", "era_id": "taisho", "chronology": { "start_year": 1925, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1925年", "label_en": "1925" }, "title_ja": "男子普通選挙と治安維持法", "title_en": "Universal male suffrage arrives with the Peace Preservation Law", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0165-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "普通選挙法は納税要件を外し、25歳以上の男性に衆議院選挙権を広げた。同じ年、国体変革や私有財産制度の否認を取り締まる治安維持法も成立した。", "text_en": "The Universal Manhood Suffrage Law removed tax qualifications and enfranchised men aged 25 and over. The same year, the Peace Preservation Law criminalized efforts to alter the kokutai, the national polity, or to abolish private property.", "qualifier_ja": "参政権拡大と思想・結社への抑圧が並行した転換点であり、女性参政権は含まれなかった。", "qualifier_en": "It was a turning point in which electoral expansion accompanied repression of thought and association; women were still excluded from the franchise.", "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0165", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0165" }, { "id": "jp-0166", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1927, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1927年", "label_en": "1927" }, "title_ja": "昭和金融恐慌", "title_en": "Bank runs trigger the Shōwa financial crisis", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0166-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "銀行の経営不安をめぐる国会答弁を契機に取り付けが広がり、多数の銀行が休業した。政府と日本銀行は支払猶予令と緊急融資で事態の収拾にあたった。", "text_en": "A Diet statement about bank instability triggered spreading runs and the closure of many banks. The government and Bank of Japan responded with a payments moratorium and emergency lending.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0166", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0166" }, { "id": "jp-0167", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1928, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1928年", "label_en": "1928" }, "title_ja": "最初の男子普通選挙と三・一五事件", "title_en": "The first universal male election is followed by the March 15 Incident", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0167-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "男子普通選挙による初の衆議院選挙が行われた一方、政府は同年3月15日に共産党員や労働・社会運動の関係者を全国で一斉検挙した。", "text_en": "Japan held its first House election under universal male suffrage, while on March 15 the government carried out nationwide arrests of Communist Party members and labor and social activists.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0167", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0167" }, { "id": "jp-0168", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1929, "end_year": 1931, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1929〜1931年", "label_en": "1929–1931" }, "title_ja": "世界恐慌と昭和恐慌", "title_en": "The Great Depression deepens into the Shōwa Depression", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0168-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "世界恐慌と金輸出解禁後のデフレで輸出と物価が落ち込み、とりわけ生糸に依存した農村では困窮が深まった。", "text_en": "The global depression and deflation following the return to gold drove down exports and prices, bringing especially severe hardship to rural communities dependent on raw-silk production.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "statistics-japan", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room5" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0168", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0168" }, { "id": "jp-0169", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1931, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1931年9月18日", "label_en": "September 18, 1931" }, "title_ja": "満洲事変", "title_en": "The Manchurian Incident begins the occupation of northeast China", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0169-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "関東軍は柳条湖での鉄道爆破を口実に軍事行動を拡大し、中国東北部を占領した。現地軍の行動を政府が追認し、侵略が既成事実化した。", "text_en": "The Kwantung Army used the railway explosion at Liutiaohu as a pretext to expand military operations and occupy northeast China. The government ratified the field army’s actions, and the aggression became an accomplished fact.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0169", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0169" }, { "id": "jp-0170", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1932, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1932年", "label_en": "1932" }, "title_ja": "満洲国の建国と五・一五事件", "title_en": "Manchukuo is founded and Inukai is assassinated in the May 15 Incident", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict", "diplomacy" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0170-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本軍の支配下で満洲国が建国され、国際的には日本の傀儡国家とみなされた。同年、海軍青年将校らが犬養毅首相を殺害し、政党内閣の継続は途絶えた。", "text_en": "Manchukuo was founded under Japanese military control, and other states widely regarded it as a Japanese puppet state. That year naval officers assassinated Prime Minister Tsuyoshi Inukai, and the succession of party cabinets came to an end.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "kantei-cabinets", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0170", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0170" }, { "id": "jp-0171", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1933, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1933年", "label_en": "1933" }, "title_ja": "国際連盟脱退", "title_en": "Japan withdraws from the League of Nations", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "global", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0171-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "満洲国を承認しない国際連盟総会の勧告を受け、日本政府は脱退を通告した。脱退は1935年に発効し、国際協調からの離脱を象徴した。", "text_en": "After the League Assembly adopted recommendations refusing to recognize Manchukuo, Japan announced its withdrawal. The withdrawal took effect in 1935 and symbolized a retreat from international cooperation.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0171", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0171" }, { "id": "jp-0172", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1936, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1936年2月26日", "label_en": "February 26, 1936" }, "title_ja": "二・二六事件", "title_en": "Young officers revolt in the February 26 Incident", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0172-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "陸軍青年将校らが東京で首相官邸などを襲撃し、政府要人を殺害して一帯を占拠した。反乱は鎮圧されたが、その後の政治で軍部の発言力がさらに強まった。", "text_en": "Young army officers attacked government sites in Tokyo, killed senior officials, and occupied part of the capital. The revolt was suppressed, but military influence over subsequent politics grew further.", "qualifier_ja": "この事件だけが軍部台頭の原因ではない。制度、政党、世論を含む長い過程の、ひとつの節として読める。", "qualifier_en": "The incident should be read as one episode in a longer institutional and social process, not as the sole cause of military ascendancy.", "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "kantei-cabinets", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0172", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0172" }, { "id": "jp-0173", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1937, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1937年", "label_en": "1937" }, "title_ja": "日中戦争の全面化と南京虐殺", "title_en": "Full-scale war spreads in China and the Nanjing Massacre follows", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0173-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "盧溝橋事件後、日本は中国で全面的な戦争を拡大した。南京占領の過程とその後、日本軍は捕虜と民間人を大規模に殺害し、性暴力や略奪を行った。", "text_en": "After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident, Japan expanded to full-scale war in China. During and after the capture of Nanjing, Japanese forces killed prisoners of war and civilians on a large scale and committed sexual violence and looting.", "qualifier_ja": "犠牲者数の推計には幅があるが、虐殺と重大な戦争犯罪の発生自体は確立した史実である。", "qualifier_en": "Estimates of the death toll vary, but the occurrence of mass killing and grave war crimes is firmly established.", "source_ids": [ "jacar", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0173", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0173" }, { "id": "jp-0174", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1938, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1938年4月1日", "label_en": "April 1, 1938" }, "title_ja": "国家総動員法", "title_en": "The National Mobilization Law is enacted", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "economy", "society", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0174-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "政府は戦争遂行のため、勅令によって労働力、物資、価格、報道などを広く統制できる権限を得て、社会と経済の総力戦化を進めた。", "text_en": "For the prosecution of war, the government gained broad power to control labor, materials, prices, and the press by imperial ordinance. Society and the economy were reorganized for total war.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "jacar", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0174", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0174" }, { "id": "jp-0175", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1939, "end_year": 1945, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1939〜1945年", "label_en": "1939–1945" }, "title_ja": "労務動員と植民地からの動員", "title_en": "Labor mobilization intensifies across Japan’s empire", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0175-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "国民徴用令をはじめとする制度で、労働力の国家動員が強まった。朝鮮など植民地からも募集・官斡旋・徴用によって多数が日本や戦地へ送られ、その多くが拘束的で苛酷な条件のもとで働いた。", "text_en": "Measures including the National Requisition Ordinance intensified state labor mobilization. Large numbers of people from Korea and other colonies were sent to Japan and war zones through recruitment, official placement, and conscription, many under coercive and harsh conditions.", "qualifier_ja": "動員の法的区分、時期、就労条件は地域と個人で異なる。判断は個別の資料に即して行う。", "qualifier_en": "Legal category, timing, and working conditions differed by place and by person. Judgments have to rest on case-specific records.", "source_ids": [ "jacar", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0175", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0175" }, { "id": "jp-0176", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1940, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1940年", "label_en": "1940" }, "title_ja": "大政翼賛会と日独伊三国同盟", "title_en": "The Imperial Rule Assistance Association forms as Japan signs the Tripartite Pact", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0176-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "国内では大政翼賛会が結成され、既成政党を解消して戦時動員を組織した。対外的には日独伊三国同盟を結び、枢軸国との連携を明確にした。", "text_en": "At home, the Imperial Rule Assistance Association absorbed established parties and organized wartime mobilization. Abroad, the Tripartite Pact aligned Japan more explicitly with Germany and Italy.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "jacar", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0176", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0176" }, { "id": "jp-0177", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1941, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1941年12月8日（日本時間）", "label_en": "December 8, 1941 (Japan time)" }, "title_ja": "アジア太平洋戦争の拡大", "title_en": "The Asia-Pacific War expands", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0177-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本はハワイ、マレー半島などを攻撃して米英などとの戦争に入り、占領地を東南アジア・太平洋へ広げた。日本軍の占領は各地で殺害、強制動員、資源収奪を伴った。", "text_en": "Japan attacked Hawaii, Malaya, and other targets and entered war with the United States, Britain, and their allies, expanding occupation across Southeast Asia and the Pacific. Japanese rule brought killings, forced mobilization, and resource extraction in many areas.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0177", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0177" }, { "id": "jp-0178", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1942, "end_year": 1945, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1942〜1945年", "label_en": "1942–1945" }, "title_ja": "総力戦下の暮らしと軍「慰安婦」制度", "title_en": "Total war reshapes daily life as the military “comfort women” system operates", "theme_ids": [ "society", "conflict", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0178-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "配給、勤労動員、学徒動員、疎開が日常生活を組み替えた。日本軍の「慰安所」制度では、日本の植民地・占領地を含む各地の女性が本人の意思に反して性的奉仕を強いられた。", "text_en": "Rationing, labor mobilization, student mobilization, and evacuation reshaped daily life. Under the Japanese military’s “comfort station” system, women from Japan’s colonies, occupied territories, and elsewhere were compelled to provide sexual services against their will.", "qualifier_ja": "被害者数や動員経路の全容には未確定部分があるが、制度の存在と軍の関与、女性への重大な人権侵害は公文書と証言で確認される。", "qualifier_en": "The total number of victims and every route of recruitment remain unresolved, but official records and testimony establish the system, military involvement, and grave violations of women’s rights.", "source_ids": [ "jacar", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0178", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0178" }, { "id": "jp-0179", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1945, "end_year": null, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1945年3〜6月", "label_en": "March–June 1945" }, "title_ja": "都市空襲と沖縄戦", "title_en": "Urban air raids intensify and the Battle of Okinawa is fought", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "okinawa", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0179-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "米軍の焼夷弾空襲が東京をはじめ各都市で多数の民間人を殺傷し、地上戦となった沖縄では住民を含む膨大な犠牲が生じた。日本軍による住民の動員・壕からの排除・「集団自決」への強制や誘導も被害を深めた。", "text_en": "U.S. incendiary raids killed large numbers of civilians in Tokyo and other cities. In Okinawa, ground warfare caused enormous losses among residents as well as combatants; Japanese military mobilization, expulsion from shelters, and coercion or pressure toward group suicide compounded civilian suffering.", "qualifier_ja": "個別の地域で被害がどの規模に及び、強制がどのような形をとったかは、地域の資料と証言を突き合わせて初めて見えてくる。", "qualifier_en": "How much was lost in each locality, and what forms coercion took, become clear only by comparing local records with testimony.", "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0179", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0179" }, { "id": "jp-0180", "era_id": "showa-prewar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1945, "end_year": null, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1945年8月6日〜9月2日", "label_en": "August 6–September 2, 1945" }, "title_ja": "原爆投下、ソ連参戦、日本の降伏", "title_en": "Atomic bombings and Soviet entry are followed by Japan’s surrender", "theme_ids": [ "conflict", "diplomacy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "chugoku", "kyushu", "east-asia", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0180-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "米国は広島と長崎に原子爆弾を投下し、民間人を中心に甚大な被害を与えた。ソ連も対日参戦し、日本政府は8月15日に降伏受諾を公表、9月2日に降伏文書へ署名した。", "text_en": "The United States dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, inflicting catastrophic harm primarily on civilians. The Soviet Union entered the war against Japan; Japan announced acceptance of surrender on August 15 and signed the instrument on September 2.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room6" ] }, { "id": "jp-0180-c2", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本の敗戦はアジア太平洋での侵略戦争と植民地帝国を終わらせたが、戦争被害、引揚げ、抑留、分断の影響は長く続いた。", "text_en": "Japan’s defeat ended its war of aggression and colonial empire, while the effects of wartime destruction, repatriation, internment, and division continued long afterward.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0180", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0180" }, { "id": "jp-0181", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1945, "end_year": 1952, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1945〜1952年", "label_en": "1945–1952" }, "title_ja": "占領と戦後改革", "title_en": "Occupation brings postwar reforms", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "economy", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0181-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "連合国軍最高司令官総司令部の下で日本は占領され、軍の解体、農地改革、労働組合の制度化、財閥解体などが進められた。極東国際軍事裁判では指導者の戦争責任が裁かれた。", "text_en": "Japan was occupied under the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers. The military was dismantled, and land reform, legal recognition of unions, and the breakup of the zaibatsu financial combines went forward. The International Military Tribunal for the Far East put senior leaders on trial over responsibility for the war.", "qualifier_ja": "改革は占領当局の指令だけで進んだのではない。日本側の構想や社会運動、制度の運用と絡み合いながら形をとった。", "qualifier_en": "Reforms did not come from occupation directives alone. They took shape as those directives met Japanese proposals, social movements, and institutional practice.", "source_ids": [ "ndl-constitution", "rekihaku-room6", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0181", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0181" }, { "id": "jp-0182", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1945, "end_year": 1946, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1945〜1946年", "label_en": "1945–1946" }, "title_ja": "女性参政権", "title_en": "Women gain the vote", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0182-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "1945年の衆議院議員選挙法改正で、女性に国政選挙権と被選挙権が認められた。1946年4月の総選挙では女性が初めて投票し、39人の女性議員が当選した。", "text_en": "A 1945 revision of the House election law granted women the right to vote and stand for national office. Women voted for the first time in the April 1946 general election, in which 39 women were elected.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "ndl-constitution", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0182", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0182" }, { "id": "jp-0183", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1946, "end_year": 1947, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1946年11月3日〜1947年5月3日", "label_en": "November 3, 1946–May 3, 1947" }, "title_ja": "日本国憲法の公布・施行", "title_en": "The Constitution of Japan is promulgated and takes effect", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0183-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本国憲法は国民主権、基本的人権の尊重、戦争放棄を基本原理として公布され、翌年施行された。天皇は「日本国及び日本国民統合の象徴」とされた。", "text_en": "The Constitution of Japan was promulgated and took effect the following year, grounded in popular sovereignty, respect for fundamental human rights, and renunciation of war. The emperor became “the symbol of the State and of the unity of the people.”", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "ndl-constitution", "e-gov-constitution", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0183", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0183" }, { "id": "jp-0184", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1947, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1947年", "label_en": "1947" }, "title_ja": "戦後社会制度の骨格", "title_en": "Postwar social institutions are put in place", "theme_ids": [ "society", "politics", "economy" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0184-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "教育基本法、学校教育法、地方自治法、労働基準法などが相次いで施行された。男女共学、六・三・三・四制、地方自治、労働条件の最低基準は、ここで制度になった。", "text_en": "The Fundamental Law of Education, School Education Law, Local Autonomy Law, and Labor Standards Law took effect. These statutes established coeducation, the 6-3-3-4 school structure, local self-government, and minimum labor standards.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0184", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0184" }, { "id": "jp-0185", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1951, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1951年9月8日", "label_en": "September 8, 1951" }, "title_ja": "サンフランシスコ平和条約と日米安全保障条約", "title_en": "Japan signs the San Francisco Peace Treaty and U.S.-Japan Security Treaty", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "conflict" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global", "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0185-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本は連合国の多くと平和条約を結び、同日に米国との安全保障条約へ署名した。主権回復と米軍駐留を柱とする冷戦下の対外枠組みが形成された。", "text_en": "Japan signed a peace treaty with many Allied powers and, the same day, a security treaty with the United States. The Cold War framework that followed rested on restored sovereignty and a continuing U.S. military presence.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-high-growth", "archives-ayumi", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0185", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0185" }, { "id": "jp-0186", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1952, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1952年4月28日", "label_en": "April 28, 1952" }, "title_ja": "主権回復と沖縄の分離統治", "title_en": "Japan regains sovereignty as Okinawa remains under separate rule", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "okinawa" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0186-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "平和条約の発効で占領が終わり、日本は主権を回復した。ただし沖縄・奄美・小笠原は引き続き米国施政下に置かれ、基地負担と住民の権利をめぐる問題が続いた。", "text_en": "The peace treaty ended the occupation and restored Japan’s sovereignty. Okinawa, Amami, and Ogasawara remained under U.S. administration, and disputes over base burdens and residents’ rights continued.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-high-growth", "archives-ayumi", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0186", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0186" }, { "id": "jp-0187", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1955, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1955年", "label_en": "1955" }, "title_ja": "55年体制", "title_en": "The 1955 System takes shape", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0187-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "保守合同で自由民主党が結成され、左右両派が統一した日本社会党と対峙する政党配置が成立した。自民党中心の政権構造は1993年まで続いた。", "text_en": "Conservative parties merged to form the Liberal Democratic Party, facing a reunified Japan Socialist Party. The resulting LDP-centered governing structure lasted until 1993.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "kantei-cabinets", "archives-high-growth", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0187", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0187" }, { "id": "jp-0188", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1956, "end_year": 1973, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1956〜1973年", "label_en": "1956–1973" }, "title_ja": "公害病と環境行政", "title_en": "Pollution diseases prompt environmental governance", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "economy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kyushu", "chubu", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0188-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "水俣病をはじめとする産業公害が各地で深刻化し、企業と行政の対応の遅れが被害を拡大した。患者・住民の運動と裁判は責任認定を進め、公害国会や環境庁設置へつながった。", "text_en": "Industrial pollution, including Minamata disease, became severe across Japan, and delayed corporate and government action magnified the harm. Victims’ campaigns and lawsuits advanced findings of responsibility and helped drive the so-called Pollution Diet and the creation of the Environment Agency.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-high-growth", "rekihaku-room6", "statistics-japan" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0188", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0188" }, { "id": "jp-0189", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1956, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1956年12月18日", "label_en": "December 18, 1956" }, "title_ja": "国際連合への加盟", "title_en": "Japan is admitted to the United Nations", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0189-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日ソ共同宣言で両国間の戦争状態が終結した後、日本は国際連合への加盟を認められ、国際社会への制度的復帰を進めた。", "text_en": "After the Soviet-Japanese Joint Declaration ended the state of war between the two countries, Japan was admitted to the United Nations and advanced its institutional return to international society.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-high-growth", "archives-ayumi", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0189", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0189" }, { "id": "jp-0190", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1960, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1960年", "label_en": "1960" }, "title_ja": "新安保条約と安保闘争", "title_en": "The revised security treaty provokes the Anpo protests", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "diplomacy", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0190-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日米安全保障条約の改定をめぐり、学生、労働組合、市民らによる大規模な反対運動が起きた。条約は発効したが、岸信介内閣は退陣した。", "text_en": "Students, labor unions, and citizens mounted mass protests against revision of the U.S.-Japan Security Treaty. The treaty entered into force, but the Kishi cabinet resigned.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-high-growth", "archives-ayumi", "kantei-cabinets", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0190", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0190" }, { "id": "jp-0191", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1964, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1964年", "label_en": "1964" }, "title_ja": "東海道新幹線と東京オリンピック", "title_en": "The Tōkaidō Shinkansen opens as Tokyo hosts the Olympics", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "science", "culture", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "kanto", "chubu", "kinki", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0191-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "東海道新幹線が開業し、東京オリンピックが開催された。2つの出来事は交通と都市基盤の整備、そして国際舞台への復帰を示した。同時に、急速な都市化と地域格差も表に出した。", "text_en": "The Tōkaidō Shinkansen opened and Tokyo hosted the Olympics. The two events displayed new transport and urban infrastructure and Japan’s return to the international stage. They also brought rapid urbanization and regional disparities into view.", "qualifier_ja": "「復興の完成」という評価は象徴的な読みであり、生活改善の速度は地域・階層で異なった。", "qualifier_en": "Calling 1964 the “completion of recovery” is a symbolic interpretation; the pace of improved living standards differed by region and class.", "source_ids": [ "archives-high-growth", "statistics-japan", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0191", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0191" }, { "id": "jp-0192", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1965, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1965年6月22日", "label_en": "June 22, 1965" }, "title_ja": "日韓基本条約", "title_en": "Japan and South Korea conclude the Treaty on Basic Relations", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "east-asia" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0192-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "日本と韓国は国交を正常化し、請求権・経済協力協定も結んだ。植民地支配の評価と個人の被害救済をめぐる問題は、その後も両国社会の争点として残った。", "text_en": "Japan and South Korea normalized diplomatic relations and concluded an agreement on claims and economic cooperation. The meaning of colonial rule and remedies for individual victims remained contested in both societies.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "jacar", "archives-high-growth", "archives-ayumi" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0192", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0192" }, { "id": "jp-0193", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1972, "end_year": null, "precision": "year", "label_ja": "1972年", "label_en": "1972" }, "title_ja": "沖縄返還と日中国交正常化", "title_en": "Okinawa reverts to Japan and relations with China are normalized", "theme_ids": [ "diplomacy", "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "okinawa", "east-asia", "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0193-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "5月に沖縄の施政権が日本へ返還され、9月には日中共同声明で中華人民共和国との国交が正常化した。沖縄では返還後も米軍基地が集中する構造が続いた。", "text_en": "Administrative authority over Okinawa reverted to Japan in May, and the September Joint Communique normalized relations with the People’s Republic of China. A disproportionate concentration of U.S. bases remained in Okinawa after reversion.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "archives-high-growth", "archives-ayumi", "jacar" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "connections", "crossroads" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0193", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0193" }, { "id": "jp-0194", "era_id": "showa-postwar", "chronology": { "start_year": 1973, "end_year": 1989, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1973〜1989年", "label_en": "1973–1989" }, "title_ja": "石油危機から安定成長・バブルへの推移", "title_en": "The oil shock gives way to stable growth and an asset bubble", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "society", "environment" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0194-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "1973年の石油危機は物価高騰と省エネルギー化を促し、高度成長は終わった。その後は安定成長と産業構造転換を経て、1980年代後半に株価・地価が急騰した。", "text_en": "The 1973 oil shock drove inflation and energy conservation and ended the high-growth era. Stable growth and industrial restructuring followed, before stock and land prices surged in the late 1980s.", "qualifier_ja": "成長率の区分は経済史上の便宜的な時期区分で、影響は産業・地域・世帯によって異なる。", "qualifier_en": "These growth labels are conventional economic-period categories; effects differed across industries, regions, and households.", "source_ids": [ "statistics-japan", "archives-high-growth", "rekihaku-room6" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0194", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0194" }, { "id": "jp-0195", "era_id": "heisei", "chronology": { "start_year": 1989, "end_year": 1993, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "1989〜1993年", "label_en": "1989–1993" }, "title_ja": "バブル経済の崩壊", "title_en": "The asset bubble collapses", "theme_ids": [ "economy", "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0195-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "株価と地価の急落で資産バブルが崩れ、不良債権と金融不安、雇用慣行の変化を伴う長期停滞へつながった。", "text_en": "Sharp falls in stock and land prices burst the asset bubble, leading into prolonged stagnation marked by nonperforming loans, financial instability, and changing employment practices.", "qualifier_ja": "停滞の期間・原因の重みづけには複数の経済史的解釈がある。", "qualifier_en": "Economic historians differ over the periodization of the stagnation and the relative weight of its causes.", "source_ids": [ "statistics-japan" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0195", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0195" }, { "id": "jp-0196", "era_id": "heisei", "chronology": { "start_year": 1995, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "1995年1月17日", "label_en": "January 17, 1995" }, "title_ja": "阪神・淡路大震災", "title_en": "The Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake strikes", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "kinki" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0196-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "兵庫県南部地震は都市部に甚大な人的・建物被害をもたらした。初動、防災、耐震基準、災害ボランティアのあり方を見直す契機になった。", "text_en": "The southern Hyōgo earthquake caused severe loss of life and building damage across an urban region. It prompted a reassessment of emergency response, disaster planning, seismic standards, and volunteer relief.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "statistics-japan" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0196", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0196" }, { "id": "jp-0197", "era_id": "heisei", "chronology": { "start_year": 2009, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "2009年8月30日", "label_en": "August 30, 2009" }, "title_ja": "総選挙による政権交代", "title_en": "A general election changes the government", "theme_ids": [ "politics", "society" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0197-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "衆議院総選挙で民主党が単独過半数を獲得し、鳩山由紀夫内閣が成立した。野党第一党が選挙で多数を得て政権を担う本格的な交代となった。", "text_en": "The Democratic Party of Japan won an outright majority in the House election and formed the Hatoyama cabinet. Governing power passed in full to what had been the largest opposition party.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "kantei-cabinets" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0197", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0197" }, { "id": "jp-0198", "era_id": "heisei", "chronology": { "start_year": 2011, "end_year": null, "precision": "exact", "label_ja": "2011年3月11日", "label_en": "March 11, 2011" }, "title_ja": "東日本大震災と福島第一原発事故", "title_en": "The Great East Japan Earthquake triggers the Fukushima nuclear disaster", "theme_ids": [ "environment", "science", "society", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "tohoku", "kanto" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0198-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "巨大地震と津波が東北太平洋岸を中心に甚大な被害を与え、福島第一原子力発電所では炉心損傷と放射性物質放出を伴う事故が起きた。長期避難と復興、廃炉が続く。", "text_en": "A massive earthquake and tsunami devastated the Pacific coast of Tōhoku, and the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant suffered core damage and radioactive releases. Long-term displacement, reconstruction, and decommissioning followed.", "qualifier_ja": null, "qualifier_en": null, "source_ids": [ "statistics-japan" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0198", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0198" }, { "id": "jp-0199", "era_id": "reiwa", "chronology": { "start_year": 2019, "end_year": 2025, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "2019年以降", "label_en": "Since 2019" }, "title_ja": "人口減少・高齢化が続く令和", "title_en": "The Reiwa era begins amid population decline and aging", "theme_ids": [ "society", "economy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0199-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "令和期は、総人口の減少と高齢化、地域人口の偏在が続くなかで始まった。社会保障、労働力、地域交通、住宅・インフラ維持は、互いに切り離せない政策課題になった。", "text_en": "The Reiwa era began amid continuing population decline, aging, and uneven regional distribution. Social security, labor supply, local transport, housing, and infrastructure maintenance became a single, tangled policy problem.", "qualifier_ja": "人口減少は令和以前に始まった長期傾向であり、将来の規模と影響は政策・移動・出生死亡の変化に左右される。", "qualifier_en": "Population decline began before Reiwa; its future scale and effects depend on policy, migration, and changes in births and deaths.", "source_ids": [ "statistics-japan" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0199", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0199" }, { "id": "jp-0200", "era_id": "reiwa", "chronology": { "start_year": 2020, "end_year": 2023, "precision": "range", "label_ja": "2020〜2023年", "label_en": "2020–2023" }, "title_ja": "新型コロナウイルス感染症の流行", "title_en": "Japan responds to the COVID-19 pandemic", "theme_ids": [ "science", "society", "economy", "politics" ], "region_ids": [ "archipelago", "global" ], "track_ids": [ "spine" ], "claims": [ { "id": "jp-0200-c1", "badge": "historical", "text_ja": "COVID-19の流行に対し、政府は緊急事態宣言、入国制限、ワクチン接種、医療提供体制の調整などを行った。感染症法上の位置づけは2023年5月に5類へ移行した。", "text_en": "In response to COVID-19, the government used states of emergency, border controls, vaccination, and adjustments to medical provision. The disease moved to Category V under Japan’s infectious-disease framework in May 2023.", "qualifier_ja": "健康、教育、雇用、孤立への長期影響と政策の評価は、同時代史として今後も書き改められていく。", "qualifier_en": "Long-term effects on health, education, work, and isolation, together with assessments of the policy response, will go on being rewritten as contemporary history.", "source_ids": [ "mhlw-covid", "statistics-japan" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [], "related_chapter_slugs": [], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#event-jp-0200", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#event-jp-0200" } ], "deep_dives": [ { "id": "ancient-evidence-layers", "title_ja": "証拠を三層に分けて読む", "title_en": "Read the evidence in three distinct layers", "subtitle_ja": "物証・研究上の解釈・後世文献を混ぜない", "subtitle_en": "Keep material evidence, scholarly interpretation, and later texts separate", "lead_ja": "文字史料のない時代を、後世の神名や物語だけで説明することはできません。考古資料から確認できる行為と、そこから導く解釈、8世紀以後に編纂された物語を別々の層に置きます。", "lead_en": "Periods without contemporary writing cannot be explained simply by projecting later divine names or stories backward. This model separates archaeologically observable practice, scholarly interpretation, and narratives compiled from the eighth century onward.", "stages": [ { "id": "material", "date_label_ja": "同時代の物証", "date_label_en": "Contemporary material evidence", "title_ja": "配置・摩耗・破損・堆積を記録する", "title_en": "Record placement, wear, breakage, and deposition", "body_ja": "住居や墓、土器・土偶・青銅器、古墳と埴輪。それぞれの出土位置と年代を、最初の事実層とします。", "body_en": "For dwellings, burials, pottery, dogu figurines, bronzes, tombs, and haniwa, findspot and chronology form the first layer of evidence.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] }, { "id": "interpretation", "date_label_ja": "研究上の解釈", "date_label_en": "Scholarly interpretation", "title_ja": "祭祀・権力・交換をめぐるモデルを比較する", "title_en": "Compare models of ritual, power, and exchange", "body_ja": "反復配置や意図的破壊は儀礼を考える根拠になりますが、用途や意味は複数仮説を併記し、単一の説明に閉じません。", "body_en": "Repeated placement or deliberate breakage can support ritual interpretations, but function and meaning remain open to competing models.", "badge": "hypothesis", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "jomon-sites" ] }, { "id": "later-texts", "date_label_ja": "8世紀以後の文献", "date_label_en": "Texts from the 8th century onward", "title_ja": "記紀の物語は編纂時代の史料でもある", "title_en": "The chronicles also document their own age of compilation", "body_ja": "『古事記』『日本書紀』は古い伝承を含みますが、縄文・弥生の同時代記録ではありません。物証と一致するかを個別に検討します。", "body_en": "The Kojiki and Nihon Shoki preserve older traditions but are not contemporary records of Jōmon or Yayoi life; any correspondence with material evidence must be tested case by case.", "badge": "historical", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "ndl-era-history" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0010", "jp-0011", "jp-0015", "jp-0047", "jp-0048" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "legends", "shrines" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#deep-dive-ancient-evidence-layers", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#deep-dive-ancient-evidence-layers" }, { "id": "jomon-ritual-landscape", "title_ja": "縄文：暮らしの場と儀礼の場", "title_en": "Jōmon: living places and ritual places", "subtitle_ja": "定住・交換・死者との関係を空間から読む", "subtitle_en": "Reading residence, exchange, and relations with the dead through space", "lead_ja": "縄文の祭祀は一つの宗教体系として残っていません。集落の区画や墓域、盛土と環状列石、壊された土偶。これらを組み合わせて、共同体が時間と場所を共有した方法を復元します。", "lead_en": "No single Jōmon religious system survives. Settlement zones, cemeteries, mounds, stone circles, and broken dogu instead help reconstruct how communities shared time and place.", "stages": [ { "id": "settlement", "date_label_ja": "前期〜中期", "date_label_en": "Early–Middle Jōmon", "title_ja": "集落が住居・墓・貯蔵・廃棄を秩序づける", "title_en": "Settlements organize dwellings, graves, storage, and discard", "body_ja": "三内丸山では長期の居住と施設の計画的な配置、遠隔地の素材の移動が確認でき、生活と共同儀礼を支える広い関係網が見えます。", "body_en": "At Sannai-Maruyama, long occupation, the planned placement of facilities, and materials from distant sources reveal wide networks supporting daily life and collective practice.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "sannai-maruyama", "jomon-sites" ] }, { "id": "figurines", "date_label_ja": "中期〜晩期", "date_label_en": "Middle–Final Jōmon", "title_ja": "土偶の破損は行為を残すが神名は残さない", "title_en": "Broken dogu preserve action, not divine names", "body_ja": "身体表現や破損・出土状況から儀礼性を論じられますが、豊穣神・治療具など特定用途への断定は避けます。", "body_en": "Bodily form, breakage, and deposition support ritual readings, but do not establish a single function such as a fertility deity or a healing implement.", "badge": "hypothesis", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "jomon-sites" ] }, { "id": "stone-circles", "date_label_ja": "後期", "date_label_en": "Late Jōmon", "title_ja": "環状列石に埋葬・共同作業・景観が重なる", "title_en": "Burial, communal labor, and landscape meet at stone circles", "body_ja": "大湯などの環状列石は墓や建物と関係し、共同の場だった可能性が高い一方、天文台だけに機能を限定できません。", "body_en": "Stone circles such as Ōyu, associated with burials and buildings, were likely communal places, but their function cannot be reduced to an observatory alone.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "jomon-sites", "rekihaku-room1" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0008", "jp-0009", "jp-0010", "jp-0011" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "shrines", "cosmos", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#deep-dive-jomon-ritual-landscape", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#deep-dive-jomon-ritual-landscape" }, { "id": "yayoi-rice-and-bronze", "title_ja": "弥生：水田・青銅器・クニ", "title_en": "Yayoi: paddies, bronzes, and emerging polities", "subtitle_ja": "生産の共同化と祭器の地域差", "subtitle_en": "Collective production and regional ritual instruments", "lead_ja": "水田稲作は食料だけでなく、水管理や暦、労働、貯蔵と分配を組み替えました。銅鐸・銅剣・銅矛などの祭器は列島全体で同じ形にはならず、地域政治の違いを映します。", "lead_en": "Wet-rice farming reorganized water control, calendars, labor, storage, and distribution. Ritual bronzes such as bells, swords, and halberds did not homogenize the archipelago; their distributions reflect regional politics.", "stages": [ { "id": "paddies", "date_label_ja": "紀元前10世紀頃から", "date_label_en": "from c. 10th century BCE", "title_ja": "水田と水路が共同労働を組み替える", "title_en": "Paddies and canals reorganize collective labor", "body_ja": "北部九州から始まった灌漑水田は地域ごとに異なる速度で広がり、採集・漁撈・畑作との複合も長く続きました。", "body_en": "Irrigated fields spread from northern Kyushu at different speeds from region to region, while foraging, fishing, and dry farming remained part of mixed subsistence.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "yoshinogari" ] }, { "id": "bronzes", "date_label_ja": "紀元前5世紀頃から", "date_label_en": "from c. 5th century BCE", "title_ja": "実用品から巨大な祭器へ", "title_en": "From practical metalwork to monumental ritual objects", "body_ja": "青銅器は朝鮮半島から伝わった形式をもとに大型になり、実用から離れていきました。埋納の仕方も地域で異なりました。意味は出土文脈から慎重に推定します。", "body_en": "Bronzes derived from peninsular forms grew larger and less practical, and were deposited in regionally distinct ways. Meaning must be inferred cautiously from context.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] }, { "id": "centers", "date_label_ja": "紀元前2世紀〜3世紀", "date_label_en": "2nd century BCE–3rd century CE", "title_ja": "環壕・大型建物・墓域が権力をあらわす", "title_en": "Moats, large buildings, and cemeteries make authority visible", "body_ja": "吉野ヶ里では集落の拡大と空間分化を追えますが、それを邪馬台国と同定することは別の仮説です。", "body_en": "The Yoshinogari sequence records settlement growth and spatial differentiation, but identifying the site with Yamatai is a separate hypothesis.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "yoshinogari" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0016", "jp-0017", "jp-0018", "jp-0019", "jp-0023" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "genome", "connections", "legends" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#deep-dive-yayoi-rice-and-bronze", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#deep-dive-yayoi-rice-and-bronze" }, { "id": "kofun-power-and-rites", "title_ja": "古墳：死者・権力・列島ネットワーク", "title_en": "Kofun: the dead, authority, and archipelago networks", "subtitle_ja": "巨大墳墓を王権の完成ではなく交渉の装置として読む", "subtitle_en": "Reading giant tombs as negotiated authority, not a finished state", "lead_ja": "前方後円墳は同じ設計を共有しながら、規模・副葬品・埴輪配置に差があります。王と地域首長が序列を示し、死者を媒介に関係を更新した政治的・儀礼的景観として読みます。", "lead_en": "Keyhole tombs share a plan while varying in scale, grave goods, and haniwa arrangement. They formed political-ritual landscapes in which rulers and regional leaders displayed rank and renewed relationships through the dead.", "stages": [ { "id": "standard-form", "date_label_ja": "3世紀中頃", "date_label_en": "mid-3rd century", "title_ja": "前方後円墳という共有形式", "title_en": "A shared keyhole-tomb form", "body_ja": "箸墓を含む最初期大型墳は広域秩序の成立を示しますが、被葬者名や邪馬台国の所在地を自動的に決定しません。", "body_en": "Early giant tombs including Hashihaka signal a wider order, but do not by themselves name their occupants or settle Yamatai’s location.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "kunaicho-ryobo" ] }, { "id": "haniwa", "date_label_ja": "3〜6世紀", "date_label_en": "3rd–6th centuries", "title_ja": "埴輪が墳丘上の場をつくる", "title_en": "Haniwa structure the space atop tombs", "body_ja": "円筒埴輪から家・人物・動物埴輪までの展開は、境界表示と葬送場面の演出を示します。個々の像を神そのものとは断定しません。", "body_en": "The development from cylinders to houses, people, and animals marks boundaries and stages funerary scenes. Individual figures are not automatically deities.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "rekihaku-room1", "mozu-furuichi-bunka" ] }, { "id": "migration-and-technology", "date_label_ja": "5〜6世紀", "date_label_en": "5th–6th centuries", "title_ja": "人の移動が技術と儀礼を変える", "title_en": "Human movement changes technology and ritual", "body_ja": "ゲノムや須恵器窯、馬具と鍛冶、文字資料は、大陸・半島との人の移動を異なる角度から示します。遺伝的祖先と文化的所属は同義ではありません。", "body_en": "Genomes, kilns, horse gear, smithing, and inscriptions each reveal movement from the continent and the peninsula from a different direction. Genetic ancestry is not identical to cultural identity.", "badge": "science", "source_ids": [ "ancient-genomics-2021", "rekihaku-room1", "nabunken-reports" ] } ], "related_event_ids": [ "jp-0025", "jp-0026", "jp-0029", "jp-0030", "jp-0032" ], "related_chapter_slugs": [ "genome", "shrines", "connections" ], "url_ja": "https://himorogi.ai/history#deep-dive-kofun-power-and-rites", "url_en": "https://himorogi.ai/en/history#deep-dive-kofun-power-and-rites" } ], "sources": [ { "id": "rekihaku-room1", "title_ja": "総合展示 第1展示室「先史・古代」", "title_en": "Permanent Exhibition Gallery 1: Prehistory and Ancient Japan", "publisher_ja": "国立歴史民俗博物館", "publisher_en": "National Museum of Japanese History", "url": "https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/exhibitions/room1/", "type": "research-museum", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "約3万7千年前の列島への人類到来から10世紀までの考古・歴史研究に基づく概説。", "coverage_en": "Research-based overview from human arrival roughly 37,000 years ago through the tenth century.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "jomon-sites", "title_ja": "北海道・北東北の縄文遺跡群「縄文遺跡を学ぶ」", "title_en": "Jomon Prehistoric Sites: Learn about the component sites", "publisher_ja": "縄文遺跡群世界遺産本部", "publisher_en": "Jomon Prehistoric Sites World Heritage Office", "url": "https://jomon-japan.jp/learn/jomon-sites", "type": "official-overview", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "coverage_ja": "縄文時代の長期的変化と北海道・北東北17遺跡の年代・特徴。", "coverage_en": "Long-term Jōmon developments, with the chronology and features of 17 component sites in Hokkaido and northern Tōhoku.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "sannai-maruyama", "title_ja": "特別史跡 三内丸山遺跡", "title_en": "Sannai-Maruyama Special Historic Site", "publisher_ja": "青森県", "publisher_en": "Aomori Prefecture", "url": "https://www.pref.aomori.lg.jp/soshiki/kyoiku/e-bunka/kinen_tokusi_01.html", "type": "official-overview", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "前期〜中期を中心とする大規模集落、出土品、施設配置と広域交流。", "coverage_en": "The large Early-to-Middle Jōmon settlement, its finds, its spatial organization, and its long-distance exchange.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "yoshinogari", "title_ja": "吉野ヶ里の歴史", "title_en": "History of Yoshinogari", "publisher_ja": "国営吉野ヶ里歴史公園", "publisher_en": "Yoshinogari Historical Park", "url": "https://www.yoshinogari.jp/introduction/history/", "type": "official-overview", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "弥生時代を通じた集落の形成、環壕・墓制、ムラからクニへの変化。", "coverage_en": "Settlement growth, moats, burials, and the transition from village to regional center across the Yayoi period.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "mozu-furuichi-bunka", "title_ja": "百舌鳥・古市古墳群の世界遺産登録", "title_en": "Inscription of the Mozu-Furuichi Kofun Group", "publisher_ja": "文化庁", "publisher_en": "Agency for Cultural Affairs", "url": "https://www.bunka.go.jp/koho_hodo_oshirase/hodohappyo/1418407.html", "type": "official-overview", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "4〜5世紀の墳墓群が示す社会政治構造、階層差、葬送体系。", "coverage_en": "The social-political structure, hierarchy, and funerary system evidenced by fourth- and fifth-century tombs.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "ancient-genomics-2021", "title_ja": "Ancient genomics reveals tripartite origins of Japanese populations", "title_en": "Ancient genomics reveals tripartite origins of Japanese populations", "publisher_ja": "Science Advances / PubMed", "publisher_en": "Science Advances / PubMed", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34533991/", "type": "peer-reviewed-research", "languages": [ "en" ], "coverage_ja": "縄文・弥生・古墳期の古代ゲノムから提案された三重構造モデル。", "coverage_en": "The tripartite ancestry model proposed from ancient genomes spanning the Jōmon, Yayoi, and Kofun periods.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "nabunken-reports", "title_ja": "全国文化財総覧", "title_en": "Comprehensive Database of Cultural Heritage in Japan", "publisher_ja": "奈良文化財研究所", "publisher_en": "Nara National Research Institute for Cultural Properties", "url": "https://sitereports.nabunken.go.jp/ja", "type": "research-museum", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "coverage_ja": "全国の発掘調査報告書と遺跡・遺物メタデータ。", "coverage_en": "Archaeological excavation reports, with site and artifact metadata from across Japan.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "ndl-era-history", "title_ja": "改元をめぐる制度と歴史", "title_en": "Institutions and History of Japanese Era Names", "publisher_ja": "国立国会図書館 調査及び立法考査局", "publisher_en": "Research and Legislative Reference Bureau, National Diet Library", "url": "https://dl.ndl.go.jp/view/download/digidepo_11126513_po_081105.pdf?contentNo=1", "type": "official-overview", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "神武天皇紀年の伝統的起算年を含む、元号と紀年法の制度史。", "coverage_en": "Institutional history of era names and chronological systems, including the traditional Jinmu epoch.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "kunaicho-ryobo", "title_ja": "陵墓", "title_en": "Imperial Mausolea and Tombs", "publisher_ja": "宮内庁", "publisher_en": "Imperial Household Agency", "url": "https://www.kunaicho.go.jp/ryobo/index.html", "type": "primary-source-archive", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "coverage_ja": "宮内庁が管理する陵墓の制度と公開情報。被葬者の比定と考古学的な確定の区別。", "coverage_en": "Administrative information on imperial mausolea, with official attributions kept distinct from archaeological identification.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "rekihaku-room2", "title_ja": "総合展示 第2展示室「中世」", "title_en": "Permanent Exhibition Gallery 2: Medieval Japan", "publisher_ja": "国立歴史民俗博物館", "publisher_en": "National Museum of Japanese History", "url": "https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/exhibitions/room2/", "type": "research-museum", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "平安から安土桃山までの王朝文化と武士、流通、自治と一揆、国際関係。", "coverage_en": "Court culture, warriors, trade and distribution, self-government, ikki leagues, and foreign relations from Heian through Azuchi-Momoyama.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "hi-dainihon", "title_ja": "大日本史料総合データベース", "title_en": "Dai Nihon Shiryo Integrated Database", "publisher_ja": "東京大学史料編纂所", "publisher_en": "Historiographical Institute, The University of Tokyo", "url": "https://wwwap.hi.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ships/w61/search", "type": "primary-source-archive", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "887〜1867年の編年史料・綱文と典拠を日付単位で照合するための学術データベース。", "coverage_en": "A scholarly chronological database for checking dated events and their source texts from 887 to 1867.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "日付と典拠の確認にのみ用い、データや画像は転載していません。利用条件は史料編纂所の規定が優先します。", "rights_note_en": "Used only to verify dates and source references. Data and images are not republished, and the institute’s own terms govern any use." }, { "id": "rekihaku-room3", "title_ja": "総合展示 第3展示室「近世」", "title_en": "Permanent Exhibition Gallery 3: Early Modern Japan", "publisher_ja": "国立歴史民俗博物館", "publisher_en": "National Museum of Japanese History", "url": "https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/exhibitions/room3/", "type": "research-museum", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "近世の四つの対外窓口と都市社会、流通と村、文化、世界認識。", "coverage_en": "Four diplomatic gateways, urban society, trade and distribution, villages, culture, and worldviews in early modern Japan.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "archives-tenkataihen", "title_ja": "デジタル展示「天下大変」年表", "title_en": "Digital Exhibition 'Tenka Taihen' Timeline", "publisher_ja": "国立公文書館", "publisher_en": "National Archives of Japan", "url": "https://www.archives.go.jp/exhibition/digital/tenkataihen/history.html", "type": "primary-source-archive", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "江戸時代の政治・文化上の出来事と地震、噴火、火災、飢饉。", "coverage_en": "Political and cultural events alongside earthquakes, eruptions, fires, and famines in the Edo period.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "bousai-lessons", "title_ja": "災害教訓の継承に関する専門調査会報告書", "title_en": "Expert Reports on Passing Down Lessons from Disasters", "publisher_ja": "内閣府 防災情報", "publisher_en": "Cabinet Office, Disaster Management", "url": "https://www.bousai.go.jp/kyoiku/kyokun/kyoukunnokeishou/", "type": "official-overview", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "歴史地震・火山災害・風水害について史料と科学知見を統合した専門報告。", "coverage_en": "Expert reports combining historical records and scientific evidence on earthquakes, eruptions, floods, and other disasters.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "rekihaku-room5", "title_ja": "総合展示 第5展示室「近代」", "title_en": "Permanent Exhibition Gallery 5: Modern Japan", "publisher_ja": "国立歴史民俗博物館", "publisher_en": "National Museum of Japanese History", "url": "https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/exhibitions/room5/", "type": "research-museum", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "国民国家・資本主義・帝国と、アイヌ・琉球沖縄・被差別部落から見た近代。", "coverage_en": "The nation-state, capitalism, empire, and modernity viewed through Ainu, Ryukyuan/Okinawan, and Buraku histories.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "archives-ayumi", "title_ja": "公文書にみる日本のあゆみ 年表", "title_en": "Japan's Path through Public Records: Timeline", "publisher_ja": "国立公文書館", "publisher_en": "National Archives of Japan", "url": "https://www.archives.go.jp/ayumi/table.html", "type": "primary-source-archive", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "1867〜1972年の主要事項と対応する国立公文書館所蔵資料。", "coverage_en": "Major events from 1867 to 1972 linked to records held by the National Archives of Japan.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "jacar", "title_ja": "アジア歴史資料センター", "title_en": "Japan Center for Asian Historical Records", "publisher_ja": "国立公文書館", "publisher_en": "National Archives of Japan", "url": "https://www.jacar.go.jp/", "type": "primary-source-archive", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "coverage_ja": "近現代日本とアジア近隣諸国などとの関係についての公文書デジタルアーカイブ。", "coverage_en": "Digital archive of official records concerning modern Japan’s relations with Asian neighbors and others.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "ndl-constitution", "title_ja": "日本国憲法の誕生", "title_en": "Birth of the Constitution of Japan", "publisher_ja": "国立国会図書館", "publisher_en": "National Diet Library", "url": "https://www.ndl.go.jp/constitution/", "type": "primary-source-archive", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "coverage_ja": "終戦から日本国憲法施行までの制定過程、重要文書、論点と年表。", "coverage_en": "The constitution-making process from the end of the war to enforcement, with key documents, issues, and timelines.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "rekihaku-room6", "title_ja": "総合展示 第6展示室「現代」", "title_en": "Permanent Exhibition Gallery 6: Contemporary Japan", "publisher_ja": "国立歴史民俗博物館", "publisher_en": "National Museum of Japanese History", "url": "https://www.rekihaku.ac.jp/exhibitions/room6/", "type": "research-museum", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "1930年代から1970年代の戦争と平和、占領、生活革命、高度成長と公害。", "coverage_en": "War and peace, occupation, changing everyday life, high growth, and pollution from the 1930s through the 1970s.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "archives-high-growth", "title_ja": "デジタル展示「高度成長の時代へ 1951–1972」", "title_en": "Digital Exhibition: Toward the High-Growth Era, 1951–1972", "publisher_ja": "国立公文書館", "publisher_en": "National Archives of Japan", "url": "https://www.archives.go.jp/exhibition/digital/high-growth/", "type": "primary-source-archive", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "講和から沖縄返還までの復興、国際復帰、成長政策、インフラ、公害。", "coverage_en": "Recovery, international reentry, growth policy, infrastructure, and pollution from the peace settlement to Okinawa’s reversion.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "e-gov-constitution", "title_ja": "日本国憲法", "title_en": "The Constitution of Japan", "publisher_ja": "e-Gov法令検索", "publisher_en": "e-Gov Laws and Regulations Search", "url": "https://elaws.e-gov.go.jp/document?lawid=321CONSTITUTION", "type": "legal-text", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "1946年公布、1947年施行の日本国憲法現行条文。", "coverage_en": "Current text of the Constitution promulgated in 1946 and effective in 1947.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "statistics-japan", "title_ja": "総合統計書・日本の長期統計系列", "title_en": "Comprehensive Statistical Publications and Historical Statistics of Japan", "publisher_ja": "総務省統計局", "publisher_en": "Statistics Bureau of Japan", "url": "https://www.stat.go.jp/data/sougou/index.html", "type": "public-data", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "coverage_ja": "人口、経済、産業、社会の長期統計と総合統計書への入口。", "coverage_en": "Gateway to long-run population, economy, industry, and social statistics.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "kantei-cabinets", "title_ja": "歴代内閣", "title_en": "Historical Cabinets", "publisher_ja": "首相官邸", "publisher_en": "Prime Minister's Office of Japan", "url": "https://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/rekidainaikaku/", "type": "public-data", "languages": [ "ja", "en" ], "coverage_ja": "1885年の内閣制度発足以降の内閣・内閣総理大臣。", "coverage_en": "Cabinets and prime ministers since the cabinet system began in 1885.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." }, { "id": "mhlw-covid", "title_ja": "新型コロナウイルス感染症", "title_en": "Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)", "publisher_ja": "厚生労働省", "publisher_en": "Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare", "url": "https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/0000164708_00001.html", "type": "public-data", "languages": [ "ja" ], "coverage_ja": "国内のCOVID-19対応、制度変更、関連資料への公式入口。", "coverage_en": "Official gateway to Japan’s COVID-19 response, policy changes, and related records.", "accessed_at": "2026-08-29", "rights_note_ja": "当サイトが掲載するのは書誌情報とリンクのみです。画像や本文の再利用には、各提供元の利用条件が適用されます。", "rights_note_en": "HIMOROGI republishes only metadata and links. Reuse of images or text remains subject to the provider’s terms." } ] }